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Stroke (Types (Hemmorage (Anurysm (vascular dilations), causes (high blood…

- - - - vascular dilations
    - - high blood pressure, blood disorder
  - - - divert blood flow
  - - - thickning/harning of arteries
    - - blood cloth, air bubble, fat
      - often middle cerebral artery (left)
- - - - Right middle cerebral artery
        
        Affects basal ganglia and insula
        
        stroke causes language defecit
      - goes lateral
      - Rest (arm)
      - mostly with stroke
- - - - Poor comperhension
      - poor repetition
    - - Good repetition
      - poor comperhension
    - - Good comprehension
      - Poor repetition
      - connection broca wernicke
    - - Anomia
        
        problems recalling words/names/numbers
  - - - severe
        
        Speechlessness
        
        poor repetition
        
        Difficulty articulation
      - mild
        
        Anomia
        
        slight articulatory disorder
    - - naming better than spontaneous speech
      - uncompleted sentences
      - Anomia
    - - Difficulty articulating
      - poor comprehension
      - Poor repetition
      - Speechlessness
  - - - poor reading
    - - Poor writing
    - - normal production
      - Poor comprehension
      - poor repetition
  - - - superior temproal gyrus
        
        language
        
        extension of dorsal and ventral stream
        
        dorsal
        
        phonemes
        
        ventral
        
        processing sound, meaning, semantics
      - inferior temporal gyrus
        
        vision
      - Temoral gyrus
    - - connects temporal parietal to frontal
- - - - determining paralyses
- - - - development of rigidity
        
        grasping facilitated by other movements
        
        development of voluntary grasping
        
        independent finger movements
  - - - early therapy is better
      - Never really closes but becomes less and less
    - - homeostatic plasticity
        
        keeps network activity at desired set point
        
        negative feedback
        
        upregualtion of bre and post synaptic response to neurotransmitter
      - Hebbian plasticity
        
        positive feedback
        
        redistributes synaptic strength
    - - Short term
        
        unmasking of latent synapses due to modualtion of GABAergic inhibition
        
        resolution of edema
        
        reperfusion
      - Long term
        
        voltege-gated ion channels
        
        LTP
        
        Asonal regeneration
        
        Synaptogenesis
  - - - multiple pathways
      - can facilitate recovery
      - Complex functions are distributed
      - contralsesional hemisphere
    - - surviving neurons in peri-infact
        
        structural and functional remodeling
        
        competition
        
        growth proteins
        
        encourage new axon sprouting and elaboration of dentrites and spines
        
        homeostatic mechanisms
        
        could be blocked by very early therapy
      - Penumbra
        
        area around stroke
        
        reduced blood flow
        
        can recover in reperfusion
        
        Time limited
        
        decreased experience dependent plasticity
      - distant areas
        
        reduced activity
        
        loss of input, oedema, reduced blood flow, metabolic depression
        
        1-3 days after stroke
        
        hyperexitability
- - - - cell cease to function
    - - structural damage
    - - loss op inputs
- - - - apoptotic and necrotic cell death cascades
        
        impaired function