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The Court System (Courts (Prosecution and Defense (Prosecutors (Roles:…

- - - - Roles: trial counsel for police, house counsel for police, representative of the court, elected official
      - local prosecuting attorneys, state attorney general, US attorneys
      - Key Relationships: police, victims, judges/courts, community, defense attorneys?
    - - Private attorney, indigent defense: assigned, contract, public defender
      - Right to Counsel
        
        6th Amendment right for those who risk imprisonment
        
        Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)- provision in state court
        
        Miranda v. Arizona (1966)- before being questioned
        
        Ross v. Moffitt (1979)- not entitled for discretionary appeals if first is unsuccessful
      - Courtroom Work Group
        
        local legal culture- shared values and expectations of participants, "going rates", and consistency
- - - - psychological: psychologists, therapist, psychiatrists
      - restorative: trying to mend area of crime, and help offender to realize his affects on the community
      - vocational: job programs in jail, basic life skills to promote success in society
      - reentry: going to be seen at the grocery store, movies, allowing offender to make amends/hear what they have done
      - educational: GED programs, college classes in jail
  - - - general: billboards as examples, public punishment (community service)
      - specific: also public (being seen by people), jail
      - sometimes we're irrational
- - - - jury pool
      - panal to decide 14 jurors
        
        challenges: bias towards case/ people involved, part of justice system,
    - - Types of Evidence: Demonstrative (weapons, diagrams, fingerprints)
        Direct (eyewitness accounts, testimony)
        Circumstanial
  - - - few result in acquittal
      - mostly reopening of case or reduced sentence
  - - - evidence may not be admissable, bad witnesses, may not make it to a conviction otherwise, sometimes only way to get justice for victim
      - allows for conviction in cases that may be questionable if they go to trial
    - - Boykin v. Alabama (1969)- voluntary and understood
        Missouri v. Frye (2012)- must inform defendant of plea- ineffective counsel (6th amendment)
        North Carolina v. Alford (1970)- can take plea like guilty without admitting guilt
        Bordenkircher v. Hayes (1978)- may threaten with more serious charges to get plea or make deal
    - - W/out: evidence is wrong, no question of fact, "implicit plea bargaining", agreement of guilt
      - W/: negotiation process (as many offenses and highest level of offense is start), like car bargaining, threat of jury trial, delay
- - - - inderterminate (indefinite): creates minimum and maximum range of years to serve (4-7yrs), parole board discretion for release, tied to rehabilitation
      - Mandatory: required minimum, limits judicial discretion, truth in sentencing (75% accurate in Indiana)
      - Determinate: specific period, incorporates "good time", mandatory release
    - - Incarceration: standard for serious offenses, time served guided by type of sentencing (indertiminate/dertiminate)
      - Intermediate Sanctions: between prison and probation, flexible sentencing according to: severity of crime, characteristics of offender, needs of community
        
        Examples: community service, comm. mentor, house arrest, work release, weekend jail, intensive supervision probation (daily checkins/more responsibilities)
    - - Must decide why, debate of it
        
        debate: cost (medicine, appellate process, long periods in prison prior to), inhumane,