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Drugs ch6
Stimulants (Caffein
--> average 106 liter (in canada)
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Drugs ch6
Stimulants
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History
Cocaine
Medical use
--> local anesthetic (1860) but first use 1884
--> still used today for that for some body parts (nasal.. etc)
legislation
Regulation by:
--> food and drug act
--> controlled drugs and substances act
--> unlawful possession = 1k or 6 month prison
discovery
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major part of inka culture
--> chewing leaves = gives strength
--> used in religion ceremonies
--> used as currency
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In the united states
--> 1860 cocaine hydrochloride (powder for snorting)
--> 1885 crack cocaine (crystalizes, cracks when burned)
In canada
World drug report 2009
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most smuggled form Mexico --> US --> Canada
--->BC, Ontario, Quebec
Liquid cocain
--> newest form of smuggling
--> disguised within alcohol, health products
--> seized mostly at toronto airport
--> increase in trucks with secret compartments
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Amphetamins
--> use in canada low compared to other drugs
-> chemical structure similar to catecholamine (epinephrine / norepinephrine) neurotransmitters
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Medical use
--> World war II to fight fatigue
--> ritalin for ADHD
--> for depression (acts fast / quicker than SSRI but given in combination)
--> weight control (very small effect)
--> narcolepsy but newer drug (provigil = better cause no tolerance --> amplifying the effect of norepinephrine and dopa)
--> Study: if low arousal might marginally improve)
--> if athlete: might improve a tiny bit
discovery
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1932 Amphetamin patented #
--> similar to ephedrine but made synthetically
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1960 available in canada
--> abused by many
--> most came from prescription medicine that was sold on the street later
--> led to tighter controls --> limited availability --> illegal manufacturing
Crystal meth
--> dangerous to produce (toxic fumes)
--> west usa to east (party drug)
--> 80 -150$ a gram
--> aka "ice"
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Stimulants
--> cause activation of CNS
--> strongest associated with SUD because of strong rush like effects that only last a short time and need another drug dose to keep going
Cocaine
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strongest associated with SUD because of strong rush like effects that only last a short time and need another drug dose to keep going #
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amphetamines
--> used for ADHD, Narcolepsy, chronic fatigue
--> street names, speed, meth, chalk
facilitate release and blocks reuptake of:
--> norpinephrine + dopamine
--> and serotonin by blocking MOA --> less 5 hiiaa = more aggressiveness #
same but "LONGER LASTING" results as cocaine (cause binds to receptors longer):
- euphoria followed by wakefulness and self confidence
---> ALSO: stereotyped repetitive behavior, anger + physical aggressiveness !!
- abuse leads to:
- cardiovescular problems
- increased blood pressure
- strokes
- death through:
- convulsion seizures
- hyperthermia (too high body temperature )
strongest associated with SUD because of strong rush like effects that only last a short time and need another drug dose to keep going
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- Withdrawal:
- depression
- anxiety
- paranoia
- irratability
- confusion
- restlessness
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Types of cocaine
- --> half-life of 1 hour
- --> cocaine broken down by enzymes in blood + liver
- ------- > metabolites (by enzymes breaking down cocaine) half life 8 hours
Paste
--> leave extract while making cocain hydrocholoride
--> can be mixed with tabacco and smoked #
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crack cockain
--> dried smokable cocaine
--> made by mixing cocaine with baking soda #
Caffein
--> average 106 liter (in canada)
--> 70% of quebec vs 53% of Atlantic region adults consumes coffee daily
--> peak absorption after 30 mins
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theobromine
--> found in chocolate
--> acts like caffein but much much weaker
--> 200 mg per cup (only 4 mg caffein)
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coffee history
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north america
--> tea = power
--> increase after boston tea party and prohibition
--> decerease after coca cola
--> increase 1990 with expresso etc
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nicotine
--> 1930 to 40 --> health concerns
--> 1950 link to cancer
--> 1964 definite link
--> 1965 warnings on cigarette packages
--> 1971 tv + radio advertisement banned
--> 1989 smoking banned on commercial flights (lool that late what the fuck !!)
--> 1993 legal age for buying = 18
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