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UV Irradiation (UV Light (UVA (lower energy/penetrability so may cause…

- - - - SPF is ratio of how long you'd last in the sun w/out damage with the sunscreen compared to without
- - - - change chemical properties of bases
    - - seem like bases so are incorporated instead
    - - insert self and cause frameshift
  - - - thymine dimers
    - - break DNA molecules and usually cause large deletions
- - - - firing of the mouths of tubes, keeping things covered so dust with bacteria doesn't float down, keep things near the bunsen burner because the hot air will rise so stuff won't fall, keeping things sterile, firing inoculation loop,
    - - spread plating w/ metal rod (make sure not too hot after firing to sterilize when spreading the bacteria because will kill them)