Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Life (Eukaryotes-
DNA in nucleus bounded by membrane.
Genome…
Life
Eukaryotes-
- DNA in nucleus bounded by membrane.
- Genome made up of several chromosomes.
- Cell Division by mitosis and meiosis.
- Sexual reproduction, most forms are multicellular.
- Mitochondria and other membranes bound organelles present.
- Most are aerobic( require oxygen to carry out cellular respiration.
Domain Eukarya -
Kingdom Protista
- Protist identify to eukaryotic organisms, which states that they have a membrane- bound organelles within their cell membranes and a nucleus.
- Organelles probably have a nucleus and organelles cell membrane of a prokaryotic ancestor folded in on it self.
- One characteristic all protist share between them, is that they can't be classified as animals , plants or fungi.
- Size from microscopic unicellular organisms to big multicellular species.
- Autotrophs and Heterotrophs and reproduction of sexual and sexual.
- Include all the eukaryotes that are not fungi, plant or animals.
Animal - Like protists( Protozoa)
- Unicellular eukaryotic organisms.
- They move ( using structures like pseudopodia, cilia or flagella) and are heterotrophic, they consume other organisms for food.
- Most live freely in aquatic environments, but some live in higher animals.
- Reproduce through binary fission, although some are capable of sexual reproduction.
Phylum Zoo flagellates- Move with flagella 
Phylum Sarcodines- Move with the extensions of their cytoplasm(Pseudopodia)
Phylum Ciliates ( Paramecium) - Move using cillia. A microscopic hair that flap together to help the organisms move through water or other liquids.
Phylum Sporozoans- Don't move on their own.( No movement) Malaria is caused by a sporozoans( plasmodium, which infects the liver and blood .
Plant- Like protists( Algae)- Single celled or multicellular; eukaryotic.
- Some can move using flagella.
- Live in fresh water or marine environment.
- They are autotrophs- contain chlorophyll and carry out photosynthesis.
Phylum Chrysophytes- Golden brown Algae
Phylum Rhodophyta - Red algae
Phylum Euglenophytes- Eguleniods
Phylum Pyrrophyta- Dinoflagellates
Phylum Phaeophyta- Brwon Algae
Phylum Chlorophyta- Green Algae
Fungi- Like Protists
-Unicellular or multi cellular colonies; eukaryotic
- They are heterotrophs- absorb nutrients from other organisms, living or dead.
- Slime molds consume other organisms, some water molds are parasites.
- Fungi contain chitin in their cell walls and fungus like protist do not.
Phylum Myxomycota (Plasmodial slime moulds) -Amoebozoa
- Live in freshwater lakes, ponds, damp soil.
- Shapeless, single-celled organisms.
- Move using pseudopods.
- Engulf their food with their bodies (heterotrophs).
- Can sense light and move away from it. Also they respond to stimuli.
Phylum Acrasiomycota ( Cellular slime Molds) (Percolozoa)
- They exists as free- living amoeba- like cells in soils.
- They feed on bacteria and have a cellulose rich cell walls.
- They undergo normal mitosis in which the nuclear envelop breaks down and also have centrioles.
- They can form multicellular colonies called slugs.
- Reproduce asexually.
Phylum Oomycota (Water Mold)-
Heterokont
- Contain cells called sporangia that produce whiplash flagellum found on its zoospores.
- Reproduce sexually and asexually.
- Uni and multicellular.
- Are in terrestrial and aquatic.
- Spores have two different flagella, hibernate before germination.
- Decomposers and parasites.
Kingdom Plantae- Evolved from charophyte algae.
- Terrestrial, food stored as starch
- Cellulose walls composed of cellulose.
- Contains both chlorophyll A and B.
- Reproduce using Embryos.
-
-
Kingdom Fungi-
- Unicellular or multicellular colonies; eukaryotic.
- They are fungus-like because they are heterotrophs
- Unlike fungi, fungus-like protists can move.
- Fungi contains chitin in their cell walls and fungus-like protist do not.
Phylum Chytridiomycota- (Chytrids)
- Primitive fungi and spores are zoospores.
- Decomposers.
- Found in marine and freshwater ecosystem,
- Single or multicellular eukaryotes.
Phylum Ascomycota ( Sac fungi)
- Combined with Basidiomycota form the largest phylum of fungi.
- Asexual reproduction - spore shooters.
- Produce their spores, called Ascospores.
- Have sac-like structures called Asci.
Phylum Zygomycota- (Bread molds )
- Zygomycota like all true fungi, produce cell walls containing chitin.
- Zygospores are formed within a zygosporangium after the fusion of specialized hyphae.
- Many are parasites of insects (used commercially as a pesticide.
- Zygomycota are soil fungi.
- Reproduce sexually (meiosi) or asexually (mitosis).
Phylum Zygomycota- (Bread molds )
Phylum Zygomycota- (Bread molds )
Pyhlum Giomeromycota -
- Soil borne fungi.
- Form symbiotic relationship with plant roots.
- Essential to ecosystem function - water, nutrient uptake by plants
(Mycorrhizae)
Phylum Basidiomycota- (Club fungi) - asexual and sexual reproduction.
- Symbiotic Basidiomycota include important plant pathogens, such as "rusts" (Uredinales) and "smuts" (Ustilaginales),
- Basidiomycota are unicellular or multicellular.
- Basidiomycota are terrestrial and aquatic.
- Typically, four spores are produced on each basidium.
- Basidiomycota produce deadly toxins.
Kingdom Animalia -
- Eukaryote.
- Multicellular.
- Heterotrophs - Feed on plants, animals, fungi, protist and each other.
- Use oxygen for aerobic respiration.
- Unlike plants and fungi, animal cells do not have a cell wall.
- Usually motile, or have the ability to move, in at least one stage of their life.
- Reproduce sexually and produce an embryo that undergoes stages of development.
No Nerves
Phylum Profiera-
- Multicellular organisms
- Asymmetrical (neither radial or bilateral)
- Do not have nervous, digestive or circulatory system
- Heterotrophic
- Reproduce both sexually and asexually
- Simplest of all animals.
- Protostomes.
Demo sponge- (Demospongiae )
Nerves
Radial Symmetry
Phylum Cnidaria-
- Cnidaria is one of the more primitive animal phyla.
- All cnidarians are characterized by radially symmetric body plans, rather than the bilaterally symmetric body plans that are found in most other animal phyla.
- Cnidarians are divided into three major classes. These are the Hydrozoa (hydras and other colony-forming species), the Scyphozoa (jellyfish), and the Anthozoa (sea anemones and corals.
Jelly fish- ( Medusozoa)
Bilateral symmetry
Protostomes -
- Embryonic development - mouth forms before anus.
- Invertebrates - include six major phyla and the vast majority of all animal species.
- Bilaterally symmetric.
Phylum Rotifera- (Rotifera)
- Rotifers can be found in many freshwater environments and in moist soil.
- Invertebrates
- Found on mosses and lichens growing on tree trunks and rocks.
- Can reproduce sexually and asexually.
-Have bilateral symmetry.
Euchlanis-
Phylum Mollusca- (Mollusks)
- Second most diverse
phylum
● Mostly aquatic
(marine and few are
fresh-water) and some
are terrestrial living in
damp soil.
● Bilaterally
symmetrical except
gastropods.
● Reproduction
normally sexual and
gonochoristic.
● Invertebrate and have a nervous
system
Octopoda(Octopus)
Phylum Annelida-
- Symmetry and Size. Annelids are all bilaterally symmetrical animals.
- Have a fluid-filled cavity between the outer body wall and the gut.
-Annelids have a body covered by an external cuticle that is never shed or molted.
Leech- ( Hirudinea)
Phylum Nematoda- (The Roundworms)
- The members of this phylum are described as being long, thin, and hair-like.
- Have very long thread-like bodies.
-Can be very small to microscope.-Have a tube like gut.-No circulatory system.-Produce sexually.-Are carnivores.-Are also bilaterally symmetrical.-Covered with thick multi- layered cuticle.
Galls- ( Cecidia)
Phylum Platyhelminthes- ( Flatworms)
- They have no body cavity, triploblastic.
-The body has three tissue layers.
- Bilaterally symmetrical (they have symmetric right and left sides and usually a definite head).t
- They have organ systems, including an excretory, digestive, reproductive, and nervous system, but no respiratory system.
- Members of this phylum are soft, thin-bodied, leaf or ribbonlike worms,
Tape worms- ( Cestoda)
Phylum Arthropoda-
- More than 80 percent of the animals are Arthropoda.
- Invertebrates.
- Exoskeleton made up of chitin.
- Segmented bodies.
- Bilateral symmetry.
- Open circulatory system.
Chelicerata-
Arthropoda.
Sub- Phylum Myriapoda
Class Symphyla
- 1 more item...
Class Pauropoda
- 1 more item...
Class Diplopoda
- 1 more item...
Class Chilopoda
- 1 more item...
Sub- Phylum Hexapoda
Class Entognatha
- 1 more item...
Class Insecta
- 1 more item...
-
-
Sub-Phylum Crustcea
Class Remipeida
- 1 more item...
Class Branchiopoda
- 1 more item...
Class Cephalocarida
- 1 more item...
Class Maxillopoda
- 1 more item...
Class Ostracoda
- 1 more item...
Class Malacostraca
- 1 more item...
Deuterostomes
- Deuterostomes are much less diverse but more familiar collection of animals.
- Embryonic develpment - annus before mouth.
- Deuterostomes are distinguished by the pattern of embryonic developmen.
- Deuterostomes are further broken down further in the phylogenetic tree.
Phylum Echinodermata- Some are carnivorous and feed on algae
- Possess a nervous system
-Sensitive to light, touch and temperature
- The bodies of echinoderms are primarily made of calcium plates or shell-like structures, which, depending on the organism, can be tightly or loosely held together.
- All echinoderms live in the ocean, but they aren't able to swim (Able to move).
Sea Cucumber- (Holothuroidea)
Phylum Chordata -
- Notochord: a flexible rodlike structure that forms the main support of the body in the lowest chordates; a primitive spine.
- Nerve cord: a dorsal tubular cord of nervous tissue above the notochord of a chordate.
- Pharyngeal slit: filter-feeding organs found in non-vertebrate chordates (lancelets and tunicates) and hemichordates living in aquatic environments.
Sub-Phylum Vertebrates
- Are animals with backbones.
- they have skull and several other skeletal bones which form an endoskeleton.
- All vertebrates are bilaterally symmetrical.
- The body of vertebrates can be divided into ventral and spinal sides.
-
-
-
-
Frog- (Anura)
Mammals-
- Are vertebrates (which means they have a backbone or spine), also Are endothermic.
- Single-Boned Lower Jaws.
- Warm-Blooded Metabolisms.
- Four-Chambered Hearts
Monotremes-
- They circulate with lungs to bring in oxygen.
- Reproduce by laying eggs.
- Reproduction of monotremes is similar to reptiles: the female lays soft- shelled eggs and incubates them outside of her body. The eggs hatch in 10 days and the young nurse from pores on the female's abdomen.
Order Monotremata
Echidna- ( Tachyglossidae)
Marsupials-
- Respire with a fully developed respiratory system which includes lungs and a diaphragm.
- Reproduce by giving birth to their young prematurely and carry them in a pouch or have them hold on to their teats..
Order Diprotodontia
Wombat- ( Vombatidae)
Order Didelphimorphia
Opossum
Placentals-
- Are mammals that have a Placenta.
- The placenta os a lining in a female placental mammal that nutritious the fetus during its time in the uterus.
- The Ovaries- are pairedm almond shaped organs that are the site of the eggs.
Order Primates
Chimpanzee- ( Pan)
- They are like humans originated froma common tree living ancestors.
- They also have common strcutures like fingers and oppsable thumbs.
- Herbivores.
Order Carnivora
Bear- ( Ursidae)
Prokaryotes
- Circular DNA, not bound by a membrane.
- genome made up of single chromosome.
- Cell division not by mitosis or meiosis.
- Asexual reproduction, Unicellular.
- Mitochondria and other membrane- bound organelles absent,
- Many are anaerobic( do not require oxygen to carry out cellular respiration.
Domains
The Domain Archaea
- Archaea are prokaryotic cells.
- Archaea have membranes composed of branched hydrocarbon chains.
- The cell walls of Archaea contain no peptidoglycan.
- Unicellular, Autotrophs and Heterotrophs, Asexual reproduction.
- Cell walls are much more resistance to physical and chemical disruption.
- As a result, Archaea inhabit extreme environment: Hot springs, Arctic ice, Highly acidic water, Intestines of mammals, don't cause any diseases.
- Archaebacteria are typically obligate anaerobes.
- They contain entirely different lipids than eubacteria.
-
The Domain bacteria-
- Bacteria are prokaryotic cells that are very common in human daily life.
- Like Eukarya, they have membranes composed of unbranched fatty acid.
- The cell walls of Bacteria, contain peptidoglycan.
- Bacteria includes mycoplasmas, Cyanobacteria, Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria.
- Unicellular, Autotrophs and heterotrophs, Asexual reproduction.
- They live in pairs, clumps and strings.
- Use in the production of some types of antibiotics.
- Healthy bacteria in our intestine that help with digestion and absorption of nutrients, others help neutralize the intestine e.g. ( Flora)
- No true nucleus- plasmid ( small loop of DNA floating in cytoplasm.
- Move like flagella.
-
-