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Heart (Cardiac muscle cell (cardiac muscle cell contraction…
Heart
Cardiac muscle cell
unlike the muscular cell, cardiac muscle cell won't be the length of the heart itself.
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Heart anatomy
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superficial features
the atria and ventricles are separated by a deep groove called the coronary sulcus that extends around the circumference of the heart
anterior and posterior interventricular sulci that extend towards the apex of the heart separate left and right ventricles
muscular layers
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the myocardium is the thickest layer. Contraction of myocardium generates the force necessary to pump blood
the endocardium covers the internal surface of the heart and the external surface of the heart valves
Cardiac cycle
the most important driving force to continually move blood through the heart is contraction and relaxation of the ventricles.
phase one: atria contract, causing the AV valves to open, filling the ventricles with blood
phase two: ventricles begin to contract during isovolumetric contraction. All valves are still closed
phase three: ventricles fully contract during ventricular ejection, pushing blood through SV and into the great arteries
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phase five: all chambers relaxed as well, the ventricles are being filled passively
Pericardium
visceral layer AKA epicardium, adheres directly to the heart
fibrous pericardium tough, dense irregular CT that wraps the heart but doesn't attach to it
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