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Spontaneous Change and the Thermodynamics There of (Entropy (Gas expansion…
Spontaneous Change and the Thermodynamics There of
Gibbs Energy
as volume increases the entropy increases
Gibbs energy decreases in spontaneous process
G=H-TS
Most stable state has lowest Gibbs energy
Entropy
The entropy of a system will increase as the temperature increases
Gas expansion will lead to the entropy increasing
Gas compression will lead to decreasing entropy
Is the measure of disorder in a system
Change in entropy is delta S=qrev/T
Heat associated with entropy needs to be reversible
Transition temperature
Gas entropy is higher than liquid which is higher than solid
Spontaneity
non-spontaneous reaction requires external work in order to proceed forward
spontaneous reactions require external work and proceeds on its own
matter and energy disperse
Delta S=nRln(Vf/Vi)
Thermodynamics
Laws of Thermodynamics
Second Law
entropy of the universe always increases
Third Law
entropy of perfect crystal at absolute zero (0K) is equal to 0 (S=0 W=1)
Boltzmann Definition
k=1.38x10^-23
macro state: overall observed state of the system
S=kln(W)
microstate: different arrangement lead to same micro state