KS (Korsakoff): severe deficits in memory for new material (retrieval and problems learning new information; temporal gradient), provoked confabulation, most salient characteristic is global amnesia (anteograde and retrograde), sparing of general intelligence, short-term memory and visualperceptual implicit learning. May exhibit prefontal neurobehavioral dysfunction: WM, problem-solving, cognitive flexibility, perseverative responding, self-regulation. Behavioral symptoms: other behavioural changes: apathy, emotional numbness, loss of initiative, and loss of interest in past, present and future