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Moslem and Mongol Empire (Cultural (Golden Age of
the Muslim Culture-…
Moslem and Mongol Empire
Political
Islamic/Moslem Empire - Weakened conditions of the Byzantine
and Persian empires allow the Empire
to expand rapidly after the death of
Muhammad
Caliphate - a kingdom ruled by a caliph, in the
case of the Islamic Caliphates, it is a
unification of smaller Islamic
territories under one caliph
Umayyad Caliphate - major Arab caliphates established
after the death of Muhammad.
It was ruled by the Umayyad
dynasty, whose name derives from
Umayya ibn Abd Shams, the
great-grandfather of the first
Umayyad caliph.
Abbasids Caliphate - It was ruled by the Abbasid dynasty of caliphs, who built their capital in
Baghdad after overthrowing the
Umayyad caliphs.
Growing reliance on mercenary armies
contributed to the decline of the empire
Artisans, architects, and merchants
were the greatest beneficiaries of the
sustained urban prosperity during this
caliphate.
jihad - Armed struggle against the forces of
unbelief
Defense of the umma from the threat
of infidel aggression
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Social
Muhammad as a
prophet - Muhammad was born about 570 C.E. into
the leading tribe of Mecca.
The angel Gabriel commanded
Muhammad to “recite” the revelations of
Allah!
Citizens of Mecca were hostile to the
message so Muhammad fled north to
Medina
Most of Arabia was converted to Islam by
the time of Muhammad’s death in 632
C.E.
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Interaction & Economics
Muhammad as a
prophet - Muhammad was born about 570 C.E. into
the leading tribe of Mecca.
The angel Gabriel commanded
Muhammad to “recite” the revelations of
Allah!
Citizens of Mecca were hostile to the
message so Muhammad fled north to
Medina
Most of Arabia was converted to Islam by
the time of Muhammad’s death in 632
C.E.
Cultural
Golden Age of
the Muslim Culture- toleration of other religions and cultures
advancement of mathematics and
science
The conquered people of the Arab
Empire:
were not forced to convert to Islam
gave special tax breaks to subjects who were
"people of the book“
local elites were accepted into the empire
Muhammad as a
prophet - Muhammad was born about 570 C.E. into
the leading tribe of Mecca.
The angel Gabriel commanded
Muhammad to “recite” the revelations of
Allah!
Citizens of Mecca were hostile to the
message so Muhammad fled north to
Medina
Most of Arabia was converted to Islam by
the time of Muhammad’s death in 632
C.E.
Mecca - all Muslims must make a pilgrimage
to Mecca, once if possible, the city of
Muhammad’s birth
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Dome of the Rock - In Jerusalem, where Muhammad
ascend to heaven
Quran and Sharia - Quran - Islamic holy
scripture
Sharia- practical guide to
Muslim daily life, written by
Islamic scholars after the
death of Muhammad
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