The Cold War
Conflicts in Asia
Definition & features
The Rise of Tension
The pacific coexistence
The Blocks Politic
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The beginnings of rivalry
Corea War
The end of the Classic Cold War
What was the Cold War?
Characteristics
- Japanese invasion during WWII.
Cuban Missile Crisis
Vietnam War
Berlin Wall
Origin
Rivalry consolidation
The first conflicts
Indochina War
Berlin crises
- North of Vietnam was controlled by Communists (supported by Ho Chi Minh).
Indirect war
World division
Ideological and cultural confrontation
Interventionism
Greece
The Berlin Blockade
Praga
Iran
China
War
- 38th parallel divides Korea into two regions: North and South.
Capitalist Block
Communist Block
Diplomatic Crisis
Soviets vs. British
Oil
The post-war emergence of a rivalry between comunist and capitalist countries, both led by the Soviet Union and United States, respectively.
- 1950: North region invades the South.
Communists vs. Monarchists
Economic Characteristics
Monarchists, supported by capitalists (USA and UK), won
Army relations
Politic Characteristics
Economic Characteristics
Politic Characteristics
Army relations
Space Race
After the end of World War II, Germany was occupied by the Soviet Union, the United States, the United Kingdom and France. However, due to difference of postures the Soviets got more and more separated form the others, to a level on which it even build a wall to keep them away.
- North gets to Seul while South was trying to invade them.
The 1953 uprising
Edvard Benes (communist)
Stalin died in 1953, Nikita
Jrushchov made changes
that originate the pacific
coexistence
- General MacArthur: nuclear strategy.
.
Renunciation to confrontation
.
Refusal to use war
Start of the "Thaw"
Discrete conflict with no direct confrontations, but an increse in the development of nuclear weapons (persuasive purposes).
Anticommunism
Democratic systems
Market economy
- 1953: Korean Armistice Agreement.
The keys to coexistence
International Organisms of Economic Cooperation
External issues: Jan Masaryk (not communist)
In 1959 the revolution succeeded in Cuba. This caused tension in the United States, for they were afraid of such an unpredictable state being near them. Because of this, USA made a blockade around the Cuban Island. In response, Cuba seeked out support from the Soviet Union.
Stalin ordered the depuration
Sovietic Union
United States
Eisenhower develop a strategy in
order to confront the doctrine of
massive reprisals
Benes --> Gottwald
OTAN
Civil war
Communists (Mao Zedong) vs. Nationalists (Chiang Kai-shek, supported by US)
Truman
Zhdanov
Truman Doctrine
Antagonic blocks
Soviet Union - New democracy countries
United States - Imperialists and antidemocratic
Exportation of the model of division to the rest of the world
Communists won
- 1945: Democratic Republic of Vietnam.
Repression against the rebels in Berlin in 1953
Nationalists took refuge in Taiwan Island
Communism is a menace
US must avoid communism expansion
- France does not recognize its independance and attacks the Viet Minh.
The creation of the Versolia pact
- Chinese and Soviets support Communist guerrilla; USA intercedes.
UK, France and US wanted to create a new german State
The launch of the Sputnik rocket in 1957
After years of French occupation in Vietnam, it was finally freed. However Vietnam divided into two factions: the capitalist south and the communist north. After the Gulf of Tonkin incident (an attack from North Vietnamese torpedo boats against an US Destroyer boat) the United States started getting involved in the war by supporting the capitalist south of Vietnam.
The tension between the URSS and the USA eventually led to a conflict not of force but of technological development. After the launch into orbit of the Soviet satellite Sputnik I, the americans wanted to do the same and started developing their space technologies. This eventually led to the 1969 moon landing by the USA's space agency. .
IMF
BIRD
Stalin blocked Berlin and its ways to communicate
- 1954: Communists win the Dien Bien Phu battle
Communism vs Capitalism
Creation of two States
A war won't bring any benefit to any side.
CAME
United States and Soviet Union allies
German Democratic Republic (communist)
- Forces France to sign the peace of Geneva (Geneva Conference).
The superpowers had to intervene in order to keep or gain relationships with other coountries.
Germany Federal Republic (capitalist)
- 17th parallel (North and South Vietnam).
Warsav Pact
Private Property doesn't exist
- France quits to its witness in China.
Soviet Totalitarism
RDA had tough laboral conditions
Demands of political openness
Soviets had to suppress protests with tanks
- Laos and Cambodia appeared (conflicts).
The limists of coexistence
Suez Crisis (1952)
Marshall plan
- USA assumes France role
OECE
The rivalry already existed. This growth with the ambition of influence in the world from both sides.
Economical: recovery for its influence regions.
The revolt of hungary (1956)
The movement of the free officers
gave a putsch to Egypt that
granted the power to general
Nasser, he nationalized the
channel of Suez
Helsinki Conference
Causes of the change
Disarmament initiative
Economical exhaustion
SALT 1
New stages and International figures
Internal conflicts
SALT 2
The Ostpolitik
The GFR recognized the GDR as a State
USA: value crisis.
It declared the prohibition of the antimissile defense systems from both countries and the reduction of nuclear weapons.
Lead by Willy Brandt, Western Germany chancellor
The rise of Jrushchev favored
the communist countries, in
Hungary the measures of
Irme Nagy provoked that
Moscow forzace
its dismissal
USSR: revolt and rivalries.
Made easier the contact between the two Gemanies
The society started to protest
in a very intense way, it caused
the fall of prosovietic government
"Two states, one nation"
New conflict regions: Arabian VS Israeli.
Germany entered the UN
Were settled by Brézhned and the president Jimmy Carter in 1979.
Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (1972-1975).
Accords
- Communists States would recognize Human Rights.
Weapons
Nuclear proliferation
- Recognition of frontiers appeared after the WWII.
Space race
- System of conferences to ease communication.
Political: supported anticommunist Governments (militar dictatorships).
Militar: militar alliances (States from Asia and Pacific).