Phones and Computers

Reflection

Defined by when light waves 'bounce off' a specific surface

Refraction

Defined by the bending of light

The density of an object affects if light will refract or reflect

The higher the density the more the light bends to the normal

EM Spectrum

All waves travel at the speed of light in vacuum

Gamma Ray, X-Ray, Ultraviolet, Visible, Infrared, Microwave and Radio

Diffraction

Diffraction is the slight bending of light as it passes around the edge of an object

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The Wave Equation

Speed = Wavelength x Frequency

V = L x F

V - velocity, measured in m/s

L - wavelength, measured in metres

F - frequency, measured in hertz (Hz)

Colour

Things appear coloured because only specific frequencies of light bounce off the objects we look at

Heat

Heat is a form of energy

Heat flows from where it is hotter to where it is cooler

The more particles vibrate, the hotter they are

Conduction, Convection and Insulation

Metals are good conductors as they allow electrons to pass heat energy across the atoms

Non-metals are bad conductors as they do not have free electrons to pass on energy

Insulators are bad at absorbing heat which means they trap heat instead

Convection is a heat transferring process that occurs in liquids and gases.