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Mind Map 5 (Chapter 51 (Pre-Jazz (Scott Joplin (1868-1917) (Maple Leaf Rag…

- - - - Revolutionary War regimental bands
      - 18th century US Marine Band
      - Civil War era bands
        
        Concert & dance ensembles
        
        Patrick S. Gilmore- leader
    - - The 'March' King
        
        Wrote over 130 marches for bands
        
        Semper Fidelis
        
        Stars and Stripes Forever
        
        The Liberty Bell
        
        The Washington Post
      - Born in D.C.
      - Conducted US Marine Band
      - Sheet music sold incredibly well
  - - - Rhythmic and melodic variation
    - - Left home at 14, played in honky-tonks and piano bars
      - The 'King of Ragtime'
        
        Balanced phrasing and key structures with highly syncopated melodies
        
        Strove to elevate ragtime to a serious art form
      - Born in Texas
      - Maple Leaf Rag (LG 42)
        
        Published 1899
        
        Sold a million copies
        
        Joplin insisted on royalties rather than flat rate
        
        4 sections
        
        The piece starts off sort of chaotic, with Joplin playing many keys almost simultaneously. Is a well known and instantly recognizable piece, the piano is played in an upbeat and lively fashion which makes the audience want to dance. Repeats itself for a short time before turning to a different melody then doing so over again.
- - - - Voiced difficulties of everyday life
      - Three-line stanzas
      - Twelve-measure harmonic patterns (12 bar blues)
  - - - Euro-American vernacular traditions
      - New Orleans
      - West African traditions from 18th century slaves
        
        Call and Response
        
        Vocal inflections
    - - First real entertainer
        
        Trumpet player
        
        Band Leader
        
        Singer
        
        Actor
      - New Orleans Jazz scene
      - What a Wonderful World
    - - Moved to NYC, sang at clubs in Harlem and Brooklyn
      - 1933, discovered and signed with Benny Goodman
      - Born in Philly
      - 1935 recording with best jazz musicians of her day
      - Later life sad
        
        Addictions and Abusive relationships
      - Billie's Blues (LG 47)
        
        1936
        
        12 bar blues
        
        Six choruses
        
        The piece starts off with just instruments, then Billie's beautiful voice takes the front stage. She sings about her man and being abusive and mistreating her. Then there is a long brass solo, and Billie resumes with the band complimenting her voice. Is a mix between jazz and blues. Great to listen to even though being quite short.
    - - Written, arranged and composed instead of improvised
      - 1930s-1940s
      - Larger group of players
        
        2 trumpets, one cornet, 3 trombones, 4 saxophones, 2 basses, guitar, drums, vibraphone and piano.
      - Wide audiences, both black and white cultures
      - Dance associated
      - Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington (1899-1974)
        
        Studied piano
        
        1920s played in NYC jazz clubs
        
        Washingtonians
        
        Born in D.C.
        
        Major figure in Harlem Renaissance
        
        Take the A Train (LG 48)
        
        32 bar song
        
        Composed by Billy Strayhorn
        
        The piece starts with all of the instruments playing and crescendos till the singer begins. Then plays a game of call and response with the back up singers and bends many notes doing so. Then Duke begins playing his piano solo which is quite recognizable and very well put together. Is the classic jazz style that one would think if asked to come up with a broad example of the genre.
- - - - Renaissance Musician & Composer
      - Music Printer
      - Dance Music
        
        Repeated Scenes
        
        Embellished by performers
        
        Short
      - Susato's Danserye (LG 9)
        
        Dances flow from one to another
        
        Published 1551
        
        Binary Form
        
        The piece starts off very loud, with multiple instruments playing at once, is repetitious and offers an upbeat and catchy tune to get down to. Then flows into a piece which is mostly woodwinds, a softer but still as catchy and entertaining piece to dance to. Most of the pieces are homophonic and have a binary form to them.
    - - Professionals and Amateurs
      - Wide variety of dances
        
        Slow Pavane
        
        Fast Saltarello
        
        Group Ronde
      - Social Disruption
      - Categorized
        
        Bas=soft=indoor
        
        Haut=loud=outdoor
      - Ground breaking embellishments
- - - - Lighter music
      - Vernacular
      - American popular identity
    - - Minstrel- Variety shows
        
        Black face
        
        Plantation life
        
        White performers
      - Publishing Companies
        
        Amateurs at home
        
        Parlor Songs
    - - Songs from minstrel shows later published as love songs
      - Mostly wrote parlor songs but some minstrel shows
      - Professional Songwriter
      - Sympathetic to abolitionist cause
      - Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair (LG 28)
        
        Parlor song
        
        Bittersweet tone
        
        Wrote 1853-1854 after separates from wife
        
        The piece starts off very soft with a few keys of the piano being played, then it accompanies the singer as she goes through the piece. Has a sad and bitter theme throughout the song. Voice is so beautifully accompanied by the piano with a strophic form