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Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (Treatment…
Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Risk Factors
Genetics:
Blood relatives who have ADHD or other mental health disorders
Environmental Factors
Toxins like lead; found in paint & pipes in old buildings
Certain parenting methods can determine how symptoms are expressed
Birth/Maternal complications
Maternal drug use/ alcohol use/ smoking
Premature birth
2.Epidemiology
In 2011, 6.4 million kids (age 4-17yrs) had been diagnosed with ADHD in the U.S.
Males are diagnosed more often than women in the U.S.
Pathophysiology
ADHD characterized by severe and age-inappropriate levels of hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention.
Early onset during childhood & persistent throughout childhood
A heterogeneous disorder.
associated with cognitive and motivational problems.
Diagnosis
Abnormal PET scan and EEG showing decreased activity particularly in the right frontal lobe, and increased activity in the thalamus and sensorimotor areas
Diagnosis is typically made by parents/teachers about behaviors
Treatment
Psychostimulants/CNS stimulants
Methlphenidate:
AE: hyperactivity, insomnia, restlessness, tremor, dizziness, headache, anorexia, dry mouth, rashes, and physical dependence
Cognitive Behavioral therapy
Social skills training
Dietary management is important
Activities like yoga, music therapy, and chiropractic manipulation
References:
https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/prevalence.html
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4478393/
Denise Mutasa
10/16/2017
Concept Map Unit 2&3
Semester 3