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History (500 bc (430 bc (348 bc ((17th cent. (18th/19th cent.…

- - - - Mentalism
        
        Behavior is a product of the mind
        
        17th cent.
        
        Descartes (1596-1650)
        
        mind body problem
        
        body is like a machine
        
        mechanical response
        
        Mind seperate from body
        
        come together in pineal gland
        
        decides movement
        
        Dualism
        
        mind and body seperate but interact
        
        Monistm
        
        mind and body are whole
        
        18th/19th cent.
        
        experimental approach
        
        Gall (1758-1828)
        
        Cortex is functional part of brain
        
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        Localization of function
        
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        Broca (1824-1880)
        
        Aphasia
        
        Lateralization (also localization)
        
        Pathology for localization
        
        considered white matter
        
        Wernicke (1848-1904)
        
        aphasia
        
        not strictly localization
        
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        Flourens (1794-1867)
        
        removed parts of animal brains to study changes
        
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        Goltz
        
        Against localization
        
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        Hurlings-Jackson (1835-1911)
        
        Distributed hierachy of nervous system
        
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        Dissolution
        
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        Sperry (1913-1994)
        
        Split brain patients
        
        Neuron hypothesis
        
        Van leeuwenhoek
        
        first looked at neurons through the microscope
        
        Golgi
        
        Staining nerve tissue
        
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        Ramon y Cajal
        
        used staining method to examine brains
        
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        Electrical activity
        
        Galvaini
        
        electrical stimulation of frog nerves
        
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        Fritsch & Hitzig
        
        Placed electrode on cortex
        
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        Sherrington
        
        how nerves connect to muscles
        
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        Loewi
        
        Chemicals carry messages across synapses
        
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        Hebb
        
        Cells that fire together wire together
        
        Plasticity
        
        Darwin
        
        Materialism
        
        Behavior can be explained by nervous system
        
        Luria
        
        Binding problem
      - Aristotle
        
        formal theory of behavior
        
        psyche independent of body but connected to heart to produce action
        
        Translation of psyche was mind
    - - Mental processes located in the heart
  - - - Gladiator surgeon
      - Described TBI