MECHANISMS

Cable Control

can control from a distance

can go around obstacles

works well in tension

Applications

opening/closing stage curtains

bicycle brakes

cable car mechanism

Hydraulic Control

using liquid under pressure

can control some distance away

quiet operation

leakage can result in loss of control

Applications

car brakes

control aeroplane wing flaps

Pneumatic Control

using pressurised air

noisy operation

air is compressible,limited loading

leakage result in loss of control

require little maintenance

Applications

safety harness

dentist drill

production lines

Mechanical Systems

input,process,output

Open Loop

No feedback

step bin

Closed Loop

Has feedback

toilet cistern

Types of Mechanism

Rack and Pinion

lowering of chuck for bench drill

focusing mechanism

car steering mechanism

camera tripod

Cranks

piston engine

crank-and-slider

bicycle pedal

handle

Gears

Worm Gear

gear boxes

venetian blinds

Bevel

food mixers

hand drill

gear boxes

Gear Train

Idler Gear

Gear Ratio

Spur

Ratchet and Pawl

ratchet screwdrivers

fishing reels

winches

clocks

socket spanners

Cams

Application

automata

locking devices

washing machines

engines

follower

eccentric

pear

snail

Springs

tension

resist stretching force

foldup chairs/cinema seats

trampolines

compression

resist compressive force

car suspensions

retractable pens

battery holders

torsion

resist turning force

foot pumps

clothes peg

bulldog clips

swinging doors

flat

return to original shape when bent

staplers

spring clips

Screws

convert rotary to linear

glue sticks

taps

lipsticks

adjustable spanners

Pulleys

Application

raising/lowering of lifeboats

washing machine

gantry crane

drilling machines

Velocity Ratio

Crossed Drive

opposite direction

Open Drive

same direction

Driver/driven

Simple Pulley

Compound Pulley

Linkages

Four-bar Linkage

pop-up books

windscreen wipers

Toolbox

Scissors platform

Levers

1st class

scissors

2nd class

nutcracker

3rd class

ice tongs

Mechanical Advantage

output force/input force

more than 1

brakes

<1

ice tongs

Functions of Mechanism

Conversion

change type of movement

glue stick

Transmission

change place of movement

bathroom sink

Control

speed

clock mechanism

direction

hand drill

distance

pantograph

amount of force

screwjack

Types of Movement

CIrcular/Rotary

in circle

rotating wheel

Oscillating

forwards & backwards in arc of circle

pendulum

Linear

straight line

car moving on a straight road

Reciprocating

forwards & backwards in a straight line

needle of sewing machine