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Ecology of Child Care (Nonparental Child Care (Qualities of good child…
Ecology of Child Care
Nonparental Child Care
Day care- care given by individuals other than parents during times when parents are absent
Extended day care- care given before/after school or during vacations
Caregivers are more likely to take care of children during day than by parents in today's society
Components of quality care
Size of group
Caregiver-child ratios
If caregiver has specialized training or education (gives more authoritative approach)
small groups with trained caregivers have best results
Qualities of good child care programs
positive relationships between children & adults
curriculum fostering all areas of development
ongoing assessments of child progress
promotes nutrition and health
provides safe, healthy environment
establish & maintain positive relationships w/ families
Types of child care
Family Day-Care Homes
In-Home Care: Nannies
Macrosystem Influences
Social Service
Day Nurseries established for those whose mothers worked during war
Enrichment
First nursery- University of Chicago in 1915; created environment where children could develop important skills and knowledge
Parent participation was required for these early nurseries
after 1960's nurseries focused their approach on stimulating intellectual growth
Parent Employability
cost of living & number of single-parent families leads to reliance on child care
welfare is providing parents with more affordable child care
Intervention
Economic Opportunity act 1964
designed to help children of low-income families
provide children with skills they are unlikely to get at home to help them succeed
Readiness
Head Start Preschool Program - break cycle of poverty
birth to age 5 is critical to development
No Child Left Behind- incentive for school to teach children skills to be successful
Influence on Psychological Development
Spitz's Study
Studied affects of infants being separated from mother
Found that infants had poor appetites, lack of interest in environment, depression, delayed growth and mental development,
Supported "nature" care
Bowlby's Study
Maternal love has most important influence on future development
Any break in mother-infant relationship has severe consequences to growth
Parents need to be emotionally and physically present
Supported "nature" care
Skeel's Study
Quality of care that affects child development (nurture approach)
Care can come from someone other than mother
Children initially deprived of attention can grow normally if caring person intervenes
Influence on Social Development
Interact more with peers
Are less cooperative/ responsive to adults in home care
More socially competent overall
Children are more self-confident, fearless, assertive, self-sufficient,
Understand more about social world- gender roles, getting along with others, perspective taking, emotional labels, etc.
They are less polite, less respectful, and more aggressive
Influence on Cognitive Development
Children from low-income families who are put in quality care are more verbally expressive, interactive, receive better grades, and have an increased intellectual capacity
Intervention Programs for Disadvantaged Children
Has become focus of research
children fare better when enrolled in these programs
Ongoing debate to determine which program is best, where, and for how long
Child's family must be involved for it to be effective
They enable families to be the primary educators of their children
Making the Best of Day Care
Examine child care options
Consider that convenience (location, expense, etc.) may not be best for child
Give proper consideration to needs of child
Consider child's age, needs, & special circumstances
Consider home care, home child care, or child center
Child center is less desirable for very young children
Other options: Industry/ University care, neighborhood baby-sitting, alternate work schedules
Selective Provider
Investigate several before making decision
Consider quality of care, curriculum, personnel, safety, cleanliness, meals & snacks, licensing, cost, etc.
Assisting Ward Members
church leaders/members can help parents make decisions
Can help them find daycare options
Be sensitive to their needs
Offer babysitting to struggling parents