Unit 7: Music and Art

Ch. 16

Ch.36

Ch.46

Ch.53

Ch. 49

37:

26:

44:

40:

The Madrigal

The Renaissance Madrigal

English Madrigal

Italian Madrigal

a 16th century tradition that linked music and lyric poetry

expressive text setting, word painting, multiple meanings

John Farmer

simpler and lighter in style than Italian Madrigals

part song: separate musical lines are combined into a harmonious whole- a fitting sonic image for friendship

Social Music

more amateurs began making music in their homes

women began to play prominent roles in the performance of music both in home and in court

genres arose from the union of poetry and music

French chanson

Italian madrical

word-painting: making the music directly reflect the meaning of the words

Debussy's Prelude to "The Afternoon of a Faun"

inspired by the symbolist poem by Mallarme

describes half-man/half-goat creature

raw sensuality

Debussy's music is a series of backdrops

fluid and rhapsodic

novel tone colors and chords

later choreographed scandlously

Jacques Arcadelt, early master

16th century, most important secular genre of the era

an aristocratic form of poetry and music that flourished at the Italian courts as a favorite diversion of cultivated amateurs

popular topics: love, unsatisfied desire, humor, satire, scenes of the city, country life

Jacques Arcadelt (1507-1568): northern composer, highly influential in the development of the Italian madrigal

worked first in Florence, later in Rome as a singer in the Sistine Chapel choir

first book of madrigals published in 1538

musical style simpler and more lyrical than other composers

Il Bianco e dolce cigno

intended audience was amateur performers

organist and master of choir boys at Christ Church

helped shape madrigal into a truly native art form

Fair Phyllis- Farmer

English madrigal

word painting allows us to "hear" the charming story

simple melodies

Tchaikovsky and the Ballet

Ballet: became an independent dramatic form in the 18th and 19th century, particularly France and Russia

central to lavish festivals and theatric entertainments

presented at the courts of kings and dukes

intermedio, Italy

masque, England

ballet de cour, France

Peter Ilych Tchaikovsky (1840-1893)

son of Russian govt official

subject to attacks of depression

first Russian whose music appealed to western tastes

conducted the Pathetique Symphony in St. Petersburg

8 operas (Eugene Onegin), 3 ballets (swan lake, sleeping beauty, nutcracker), orchestral music, symphonies, piano concertos, etc.

Sugar Plum Fairy- Tchaikovsky

The Nutcracker

performed every Christmas all over the world

dances accompanied by colorful isntruments

celesta: beautiful tone, mix between piano and glockenspiel

The Early Romantic Lied

art songs: product of the Romantic Era

Lied: new genre, German-texted solo song, generally with piano accompaniment

Franz Schubert

Johannes Brahms

Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel

song cycle:groups of Lieder that were unified by a narrative thread or descriptive theme

song structure

strophic form: same melody repeated with every stanza

through-composed: proceeds beginning to end without repetitions of whole sections

modified strophic: same melody repeated 2 or 3 stanzas

Elfking- Schubert

romantic strangeness and wonder

through-composed

steady rise in tension and pitch builds until the end

first work published

Stravinsky and Modernist Multimedia

Collaborative Multimedia

the art of ballet

Serge Diaghilev

Musical Innovation

Stravinsky reflected main currents in 20th century music

Rite of Spring

full force of the brass and percussion to create a barbaric, primeval sound and gives the strings percussive material such as pizzicato and successive down-bow strokes

energetic interaction between rhythm and meter

Rite of Sprint Intro: Stravinsky

depicts the awakening of earth in spring

uppermost range

unpredictable accents

random downbeats

duple meter

celesta- primary melody

A-B-A

tempo: andante non troppo

staccato melody

Program Music 19th Century

impressionism: characterized by modal and exotic scales, unresolved dissonances, tone combinations, rich orchestral color, free rhythm

Claude Debussy

Translating impressions into sound

French composers of later 1800s tried to break from tradition

experience greater subtley and impressive ambiguity

subtle harmonic relationships

Composers made use of the entire spectrum of notes on the chromatic scale

experimented with the 9th chord, set of 5 notes in which the interval between the lowest and highest tones is a 9th

composers blended timbres from their counterparts in art

ABA'