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Web Architecture Week 3 Lecture 7 Formats: Other (Video) (XML (MathML…
Web Architecture Week 3 Lecture 7
Formats: Other (Video)
Content negotiantion
HTTP can retrieve different representations of the same resource at the same URI
The user agent tells the server which encoding, language, media type, etc. it prefers, and the server responds with the “best” representation
Plain text
ASCII
1 byte
8th bit used for error correcting (parity bit)
0-127 symbols
Unicode
4 byte
0-1114111 symbols
European, Asian, Egyptian Hieroglyphics, Emoji
UTF-8
Unicode with 1 byte
Responsible for errors when copying from MS Word to webbrowser
backward compatible with ASCI
87.9% of web pages
Internet media types
type/subtype; optional parameters
eg. application/pdf
eg. text/html; charset=UTF-8
HTML
Types
HTML4
XHTML
HTML5
(+CSS +JavaScript +media)
Key document format for the web
Incorporates
Stylesheets
Media
Scripts
XML
RSS
MathML
Mathematical notation
With correct stylesheet browsers can render equations etc.
two sub-languages
presentational
semantic
SVG
Desribes 2D graphics
Office Open XML
Types
pptx
xlsx
docx
Lecture slides archive structure
docprops
ppt
media
rels
An Office document is a ZIP file of a directory hierarchy of lots of XML files
EPUB
Zip file of a website
HTML files
images
CSS style sheets
metdata
etc.
Inline images, metadata, CSS styling
PDF
Based on PostScript
Painting onto screen in a device-independent way
structure
a set of objects
index pointing to the position of objects
Developed before the web to facilitate the exchange of hardcopy documents
Alternative is scanned images (e.g. TIFF) but those are searchable
Data
TSV
CSV
JSON
Implementing web data
Some formats are supported natively by all browsers
HTML
CSS
plain text
Some are unevenly supported
MathML
MPEG
Some are give to external applications
Word
Some are displayed by third party browser plugins
Flash
Java
Problems
software maintanance
efficiency
security
multi-platform development