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The Channels of Nonverbal Messages (Body Gestures (Emblems- are body…
The Channels of Nonverbal Messages
Body Gestures
Emblems- are body gestures that directly translate into words or phrases
Illustrations-enhance the verbal messages they accompany
Affect displays- are movements of the face as well as of the hands and general body that communicate emotional meaning
Regulators-are behaviors that monitor, control, coordinate, or maintain the speaking or another individual
Adaptors-are gestures that satisfy some personal need
self-adaptors- are self-touching movement that usually satisfy a physical need
Alter-adaptors-are movements directed at the person with whom you're speaking
Object-adabtors-are gestures focused on objects
Body Appearance
your body also reveals your race and may even give clues as to your specific nationality
Facial Messages
your face communicates many things, especially your emotions
Facial movements alone seem to communicate messages about pleasantness, agreement, and sympathy; the rest of the body doesn't provide and additional information
Facial management- techniques that enable you to communicate your feelings in order to achieve the effect you want
Facial feedback hypothesis-holds that your facial expressions influence physiological arousal
Culture and facial expression-different cultures seem to reflect which reactions are publicly permissible, rather than a difference in the way emotions are facially expressed
Eye Messages
Oculesics-shows that the duration, direction,and quality of eye movements communicate different messages
Identify yourself- don't assume that the visually impairs will recognize your voice
Encode into speech all the meanings you wish to communicate-gestures,eye movement, and facial expressions cannot be seen by a visual impaired
Help the sighted person meet your special communication needs-if you want your surroundings described ask
Be patient with the sighted person- some people are nervous talking to people who are visually impaired, put them at ease and make them comfortable
Eye Avoidance-you turn your eyes away as to say "I don't mean to intrude; I respect your privacy" a behavior called civil inattention
Culture, gender, and eye messages-a Japanese person rarely will glance at the other person's face, and even then only for very short periods. Women make eye contact more and maintain it longer than men
Spatial Messages
Proxemics-is the study of the ways in which people use space to communicate varied meanings
Intimate distances-ranging from actual touching to 18 inches, the presence of the other individual in unmistakable
Personal distances-refers to the protective "bubble" that defines your personal space, ranging from 18 inches to 4 feet
Social distance-ranging from 4 to 12 feet,you lose the visual detail you have as a personal distance
Public distance-from 12 to 25 feet or more, protects you
Territorially- a possessive reaction to an area or to particular objects
Primary territories-are areas that you might cll your own; thesis areas are your exclusive preserve
Secondary territories- are areas that don't belong to you but which you have occupied and with which you've associated
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Makers-are just like animals, they use primary and secondary territories to signal ownership
Central markers-are items you place in a territory to reserve it for you
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Artifactual Messages -are messages conveyed through objects or arrangements made by human hands
Color communication-influences perceptions and behaviors
Clothing and body adornment-communicates something about who you are-from a concern about being up to date; to a desire to shock, to perhaps a lack of interest in appearances
Cultural display-indicating a particular cultural or religion affiliation
Space decoration-decorate something that speaks about you
Smell communication or olfactory communication is extremely important in a wide variety of situation and is now big business
Touch Messages
Tactile communication- is perhaps the most primitive form of communication messages
Haptic-the study of touching
Touch Avoidance-reshearch in nonverbal communication have found some interesting relationships
Culture and touch-some cultures are considered contact cultures and others, such as those of northern europe and the Middle East are non contact cultures
Paralanguage Messages
Paralanguage-refers to the vocal but nonverbal dimensions of speech
Pitch (highness or lowness),paralanguage includes such voice qualities or vocal characteristics as Rate (speed) Volume (loudness) and Rhythm as well as the vocalization you make in crying, whispering, moaning, belching, yawning and yelling
Judgement about people-less reliable are judgements made about personality
Judgements about communication effectiveness-people agree with having a fast speaker rather than a slow one
Silence messages
Silence-comunicates important and serves important functions
Silence may also be used strategically to achieve specific effects
Time messages
Temporal communication also known as chronemics- concerns the use of time- how you organize it, react to it, and communicate messages through it
Psychological time-consider your time orientation
Interpersonal time-refers to a wide variety of time-related elements that figure into interpersonal communication
Punctuality-refers to being on time for a variety of occasions
Wait time-refers to the amount of time it's considered appropriate to wait for someone
Talk time-refers to, for example, who initiates and who terminates a conversation, who talks more, who selects and directs the topics for discussion
Relationship time-refers to the time you give or should give to the various people whom you have a relationship
Response time-refers to the time it takes you to respond
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