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How to analyze variables (Dispersion (Dispersion of Nominal Variables (Low…
How to analyze variables
Analyzing Individual Variables
Descriptive Statistics- Analyzing Variables
What does our sample look like?
Where do most cases fall?
What's the average value?
Is there a lot of variation?
Nominal & Ordinal
Frequency Distrubutions
Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Raw Frequency
Measures of Central Tendency
Mean: Average of all values
Interval
Median: Line up all values and cop the middle
Ordinal
Mode: Most frequent value
Nominal
Dispersion
How are cases spread across the possible values?
Types
Standard Deviation
Average distance from the mean
How close to the mean each observation is
Normal Distribution
Can assume things about data
Dispersion of Nominal Variables
Low
One mode prominent
Bar chart has 1 peak
Fewer cases in nonmodal category
High
Bimodal/multiple modes
Bar chart does not have one peak
Cases widely spread
Dispersion of Ordinal Variables
Low
Mode or median same or similar
Single peak bar chart
Cases cluster around median
High
Mode and median separated by at least one variable
Not single peak bar chart
Cases spread out
Dispersion of Interval Variables
Low
Median and Mean Similar
Bar chart single peak
Most cases clustered around the mean
High
Median and mean different
Bar chart not single peak
Cases spread out
Frequency Measures
Frequency
Raw Frequency: Number of cases with the same value
Total Frequency: total number of cases
Percentage
Number of cases divided by the same value of the total number of cases
Cumulative Percentage
Percentage of cases at or below specific value
Measure of ordinal variables
Relative amount of characteristics being measured
Skew
Negative Skew: Distributions with skinnier left hand tail
Going up
Positive Skew: Distributions with skinnier right hand tail
Going down
Mean has hella skew but median naw
Graphics
Bar Chart/Pie Chart for categorical (nominative/ordinal)
Histogram for interval