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Channels of Nonverbal Messages (Artifactual Messages (Artifactual messages…
Channels of Nonverbal Messages
Body Gestures
Kinesics or the study of communication through body movement can be very useful in identifying the five different types of body gestures. They are emblems, illustrators, affect displays, adaptors, and regulators.
Emblems are when people give symbols such as the thumbs up or an "OK" symbol to describe ok. Emblems can vary from culture to culture.
Illustrators can often be seen illustrating what the word means. If you are trying to show something off to the right, you may end up pointing to the right.
Affect Displays are movements that occur pretty much anywhere that can communicate with an emotional meaning.
The body gesture that I would use when talking to my patient would most likely be illustrators, so they can have a better understanding of the procedure.
Regulators are seen as behaviors that control, coordinate, monitor, or even maintaining the speaking of another individual. Someone nodding their head is a great example of a regulator.
The body gesture of an adaptor has three versions. The self-adaptor which are self touching movements. The alter-adaptor which are movements directed at a person with whom you are talking to. The last adaptor is the object-adaptor which are gestures focused on objects.
Body Appearance
Someone's physical body appearance can communicate nonverbal messages.
Tall people are paid more and are favored over a shorter person.
Race is a nonverbal communication that can be seen through someone's physical self.
Positive facial expressions can lead to a better perception of attractiveness.
If I was a taller gentleman smiling to a lady across the aisle, she may see me as being slightly more attractive.
Facial Messages
Facial messages are great at portraying a lot of things, especially something like emotions.
Facial management is a technique that enables you to communicate your feelings in order to achieve the effect you want.
A few ways to improve facial management is to intensify, to neutralize, to mask, and to deintensify.
If I got an A on the test and my friend got a C, I would be using facial management to try and lower my excitement down to not violate display rules.
The facial feedback hypothesis holds that your facial expressions influence physiological arousal.
Forcing a facial expression may not always relief you of your actual emotions.
Facial expressions may vary from culture to culture on what is acceptable.
Eye Messages
Oculesics is the research of communication portrayed through the eyes which shows the the direction, quality, and duration of eye movements communicate different messages.
If eye contact is less than about 1.18 seconds it could seem like they are uninterested or shy.
Not everyone has perfect vision, so before judging other's nonverbal eye movements keep that in mind.
In order to improve your eye messages you should identify yourself, encode into speech all the meaning you wish to communicate, be patient with the sighted person, and help the sighted person meet your special communication needs.
Eye contact can either show a negative message or a positive message depending on how long or which facial expression you pair with it.
Civil inattention is when someone avoids eye contact out of respect for someone's privacy.
It would be very rude of me to maintain eye contact in other countries or cultures.
Spatial Messages
Proxemics is the study of the ways in which people use space to communicate varied meanings.
Intimate distance is a distance from actually touching to about 18 inches. The intimate distance can be used for lovemaking, protecting, or even comforting.
Personal distance is from about 18 inches to about 4 feet. It allows for people to handshake within this distance. It is where you will have most of your interpersonal interactions.
Social distance is anywhere from 4 to 12 feet. Impersonal business and social gatherings can often be seen in this distance. The more distance between people, the more formal it appears.
Public distance is anywhere from 12 feet to 25 feet. It allows people to take defensive action if threatened. The distance is so far away that people lose fine details of others.
Territoriality is a possessive reaction to an area or to particular objects.
The three territories are primary, which are things that you call your own. The second territory is secondary territories which are areas that you occupy but do not own. The last territory is public territories which are areas that are open to everyone
Humans use markers to mark their territories. The central marker are items placed in a territory for you. The boundary marker serves to divide your territory from others. The last marker is the earmarker which indicated your possession of a territory or object.
I would be in personal distance with my patient during the procedure.
Artifactual Messages
Artifactual messages are messages conveyed through objects or arrangements made by human hands.
Color communication influences perceptions and behaviors.
Colors all have different messages behind them, blue can be seen as mild, red can be seen as attractive, yellow as too weak, and black as too powerful.
Color varies greatly from culture to culture. Green in the United States represents capitalism, go-ahead, and envy. In Iran blue signifies something negative, in Ghana is represents joy. Purple in Latin America signifies death, whereas in Europe it represents royalty.
The way you dress can have an impact on what people think about you, such as your economic class or even your creativity.
If I showed up to work wearing sweatpants and a T-shirt I could be seen as friendly, fair, and creative, but if I showed up in khakis and a dressy shirt I would be seen as knowledgeable and organized.
Cultural display indicates a particular cultural or religious affiliation.
Tattoos and piercings can simply show a lot about you in a nonverbal way.
The way that someone decorates their room may have certain impressions on individuals.
Olfactory communication or smell is extremely important in a wide variety of situations and is now big business.
Two important scent communications are identification and attraction messages.
Touch Messages
Tactile Communication or touch is perhaps the most primitive form of communication. Hepatics is the study of touch.
Emotions, playfulness, control, task-related, and ritual can all be seen through touch.
Touching can occur when doing a certain function or it is seen through emotions.
Cultures can determine what is acceptable or unacceptable. Korean's find touching a customer's hand too direct.
Touch avoidance is when you try and avoid touch at all costs.
Muslims are told to not touch people of opposite sex while growing up. Some cultures are called "contact" cultures and some are "noncontact".
I would be seen using touch avoidance if I didn't touch my patients during the procedure.
Touch can show playfulness either in a way of play or affectionately.
Paralanguage Messages
Paralanguage is the vocal but nonverbal dimensions of speech. It is how you say a sentence not what you say.
Stress, pitch, rate, volume, and rhythm all have an impact on how you communicate nonverbally.
It is easy to tell if someone is upset or crying just based off their vocal expressions.
I was able to tell that my patient was very happy about something just by their vocal expressions.
In different cultures, the rate at which you spoke could be seen in a negative way.
People who talk fast can be seen as very persuasive as well.
Silence Messages
Silence can often allow other to think or formulate their next sentence. It is a very important part in a conversation. :
It can be used negatively to by just simply ignoring others.
Silence allows both people to cool off and relax from what they were handed during the conversation.
I would be using silent messages if I did not respond to my co-workers email.
Silence is well respected among the Japanese culture, but in the United States it is often looked down upon.
Time Messages
Temporal communication or also chronemics concerns the use of time.
Psychological time brings light upon the three orientations that someone can experience, either past, present, or future orientation.
Past orientation is when someone has special reverence for the past. The present orientation is when someone lives for the now and not the future. The future orientation is when someone looks towards and lives the future.
I would be apart of the present orientation as I live for today and make the most of every second.
Interpersonal time is a wide variety of time-related elements that play into interpersonal interactions.
The important interpersonal time is punctuality, talk time, relationship time, wait time, and response time.
Formal time includes seconds, months, days, weeks etc.. Informal time are things such as forever, immediately, right away, or even soon.
Monochronic time orientation like to schedule things one at a time whereas polychronic time orientation schedule multiple things at the same time.
Social clock is a time schedule for the right time to do various important things. Dating or finishing college would be an example of social clock.
