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33.4 Drugs (Drugs affect the nervous system in the following ways: (1-…
33.4 Drugs
Drugs affect the nervous system in the following ways:
1- increase in the amount of a neurotransmitter that is released into a synapse.
2-Block a receptor site on a dendrite, preventing a neurotransmitter from binding.
3- can prevent a neurotransmitter from leaving a synapse.
4- drug can imitate a neurotransmitter
Depressants : drugs that tend to slow down the central nervous system
Inhalants
Inhalants are chemical fumes that have an influence on the nervous system. Exposure to inhalants might be accidental as a result of poor ventilation. Inhalants generally work as a depressant on the central nervous system, Inhalants may produce a short term effect of intoxication as well as nausea and vomiting. Death can occur. There are also long term effects such as memory loss, hearing loss, vision problems, and brain damage
Alcohol
It affects the central nervous system .
It is produced by the fermentation of grains and fruits.
It affect at least four different neurotransmitters, resulting in a feeling of relaxation and sluggishness
Short-term alcohol use impairs judgment, coordination, and reaction time
Long-term effects of alcohol abuse include a reduction in brain mass, liver damage, stomach and intestinal ulcers, and high blood pressure.
Illegal Drugs
Cocaine
Cocaine abuse might result in disturbances in heart rhythm, heart attacks, chest pain, respiratory failure, strokes, seizures, headaches, abdominal pain, and nausea.
Amphetamines
Amphetamine abuse: raid heart rate, increased blod pressure, stroke, elevated body temperature or hyperthermia, and convulsions.
Amphetamines and cocaine both increase dopamine levels, and both prevent dopamine from being reabsorbed, so it remains in the synapses.
Stimulants
Nicotine
Nicotine can be found in cigarettes increase the amount of dopamine released into the synapse. Nicotine can also constrict blood vessels, raising blood pressure and causing the heart to work harder.
Caffeine
The most commonly used, and often abused stimulant is caffeine. It can be found in coffee, tea, soft drinks and chocolate. Caffeine works by binding to adenosine receptors in the brain. Adenosine slows down the neural activity, casing drowsiness. When the caffeine binds to the receptors it has an opposite effect. It makes us feel awake and alert
Dopamine
Dopamine is a neurotransmitter in the brain that is involved with the control of the body movements and other functions. It is strongly involved with feelings of pleasure and reward.
Drug:is a substance, natural or artificial, that alters the function of the body.
Done by: Sara Alsaleh - Sara Alsaeed - Alanoud Alsalman 11A
