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3.1.3 Network Topology (Bus (Layout:
• All computers and devices are…
3.1.3 Network Topology
Bus
-
Layout:
• All computers and devices are connected to a
single central cable (called bus).
• The bus is a physical cable that connects the
computers and other devices.
• Terminators are required at both ends of the
backbone cable.
Data Transfer:
• Data transmitted on a bus network travels
along the bus in both directions.
• When a sending device transmits data, the
address of the receiving device is included
with the transmission so that the data is sent
to the appropriate receiving device.
• If the device address does not match the
intended address for the data, the device
ignores the data.
• If the data address match the device address,
the data is accepted.
Advantages:
• Easy and inexpensive to set up.
• Adding and removing nodes can be done
without disturbing the rest of the network.
• Failure of one node does not affect the rest of
the network.
Disadvantages:
• Failure of the central cable will shut down the
entire network.
• Only suitable for small size network.
• Data collision may occur because data
transmitted will travel in both directions.
Ring
-
-
Data Transfer:
• Data transmitted on a ring network travels
from one device to another around the entire
ring in one direction.
• When a device sends data, the data travels to
each computer on the ring until it reaches its
destination.
Advantages:
• Can span a larger network than a bus network.
• Cable faults are easily located, making
troubleshooting easier.
• The transmission of data is relatively simple as
data travels in one direction only
Disadvantages:
• More difficult to install compared to bus
network.
• Failure of any cable or node will affect the
operation of the entire network.
• Slower data transmission as the data sent will
go through all the nodes.
Star
Layout:
• All computers and devices are connected to a
central device (hub or switch).
• Hub or switch are devices that provide a
common central connection point for nodes
on the network.
-
Data Transfer:
• All data that transfers from one node to
another passes through the hub or switch.
• The hub takes a signal that comes from any
device and passes it to other devices in the
network.
Advantages:
• Failure of one node will not affect the entire
network.
• Devices can be added to or removed from the
network with little or no disruption to the
network.
• Easy to identify problems, making
troubleshooting easier.
Disadvantages:
• Failure of hub or switch will shut down the
entire network.
• Requires more cable than the other
topologies.
• More expensive due to the cost of the
hub/switch.
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It describes how each computer or device,
also called a node, is connected to one
another in a network
