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The Channels of Nonverbal Messages and Their Examples (Eye Messages…
The Channels of Nonverbal Messages and Their Examples
Paralanguage Messages:
refers to the vocal but nonverbal dimensions of speech. It refers to how you say something, not what you say
:check:
Include:
Stress
Pitch
Rate
Volume
Rhythm
Judgments about People:
we often use its cues as a basis for judgments about people
Judgments about Communication Effectiveness:
The rate or speed at which people speak is the aspect of paralanguage that has received the most attention
Time Messages (Temporal Communication/Chronemics)
Psychological Time
Present orientation: you live in the present, for now
Future orientation: you look toward and live for the future
Past orientation: you have special reverence for the past
Interpersonal Time
Wait time
Talk time
Punctuality
Relationship time
Response time
Cultural Time
Monochronism and Polychronism
Monochronism: schedule on thing at a time
Polychronism: schedule multiple things at the same time
Social Clock:
a time schedule for the right time to do various important things
Formal and Informal Time
Formal time: "seconds, minutes, years, season..."
Informal time: "soon, forever, right away..."
Silence Messages:
communicates important meanings and serves important functions. Allow the speaker time to think, to hurt others, a response to personal anxiety, to prevent communication, the emotional responses, to achieve specific effects, seen in computer-mediated communication
Artifactual Messages:
conveyed through objects or arrangements made by human hands
Color:
affects us physiologically
Color communication:
influences perceptions and behaviors
White
Blue
Black
Yellow
Green
Purple
Red
Clothing and Body Adornment:
people make inferences about who you are from the way you dress
Space Decoration:
the way you decorate your private spaces speaks about you
Smell (Olfactory Communication)
Identification messages: used to create an image or an identity for a product
Attraction messages: to enhance attractiveness or to make yourself feel better
Touch Messages (Tactile Communication)
The Meanings of Touch (Haptics)
Playfulness
Control
Emotions
Ritual
Task-related
Touch Avoidance
: we also avoid touch from certain people and in certain circumstances
Culture and Touch
contact cultures:
maintain close distances, touch in conversation, face more directly, and maintain longer and more-focused eye contact :
non-contact cultures:
maintain greater distances in their interaction, touch rarely, avoid facing directly, and maintain much less direct eye contact
Facial Messages
Facial Feedback (Facial Feedback Hypothesis):
your facial expressions influence physiological arousal
Culture and Facial Expression:
reflect which reactions are publicly permissible rather than a difference in the way emotions are facially expressed
Facial Management:
enable you to communicate your feelings in order to achieve the effects you want
To deintensify
To neutralize
To intensify
To mask
Spatial Messages (Proxemics):
people use space to communicate
Proxemic Distances
Intimate distance
Personal distance
Social distance
Public distance
Territoriality:
a possessive reaction to an area or to particular objects
_Primary territories: your exclusive preserve
_Secondary territories: don't belong to you but you have occupied and with which you are associated
_Public territories: areas that are open to all people
Boundary markers:
serve to divide your territory from that of others
Earmarkers:
indicate your possession of a territory or object
Central makers:
are items you place in a territory to reserve it for you
Eye Messages (Oculesics)
:check:
Tip:
Encode into speech all the meanings you wish to communicate
Help the sighted person meet your special communication needs
Identify yourself
Be patient with the sighted person
Eye Contact:
With eye contact, you send a variety of messages. Once such message is a request for feedback
Eye Avoidance:
help others to maintain their privacy
Culture, Gender, and Eye Messages:
eye messages vary with both culture and gender
:!:
Civil inattention:
"I don't mean to introduce; I respect your privacy"
Body Gestures (Kinesics)
Regulators
: behaviors that monitor, control, coordinate, or maintain the speaking of another individual
Adaptors:
gestures that satisfy some personal need
Alter-adaptors:
movements directed at the person with whom you're speaking
Object-adaptors:
gestures focused on objects
Self-adaptors:
self-touching movements that usually satisfy a physical need
Affect displays:
movements of the faces and hands and general body that communicate emotional meaning
Illustrators:
enhance the verbal messages they accompany
Emblems
: body gestures that directly translate into words or phrase
Body Appearance:
your general body appearance also communicates, reveals your race, give clues as to your specific nationality. Also with your general attractiveness, which includes both visual appeal and pleasantness of personality
