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CARDIAC PATHOLOGY (Pathogenic mechanisms (Pump failure, Obstruction to…
CARDIAC PATHOLOGY
Pathogenic mechanisms
Pump failure
Obstruction to forward blood flow
Regurgitant blood flow
Shunted blood flow
Rupture
Cardiac conduction disorders
Cardiac adaptive mechanisms
Cardiac dilation
Cardiac hypertrophy
Concentric hypertrophy
Result of increased afterload
Increase in mass of the ventricle
Normal LV:RV ratio = 3:1
Eccentric hypertrophy
Result of increased preload
Increase in ventricular mass
Caridac dilation
Blood redistribution
Increased cardiac output
Increase in blood volume
Cardiac Failure
May result from
Increased demand
Degenerative changes
Cardiac dilation may occur when compensation is no longer possible
Malfunction of sides of the heart
Right
Excessive right atrial pressure
Systemic venous congestion
Left
Pulmonary oedema
Decreased cardiac output
Congenital Cardiac Abnormalities
Aetiology
Genetic
Inherited
Acquired
Environmental
Infections
Physical
Nutritional
Chemical
Classsification of morphological congenital defects
Septal defects
Result in shunts
Atrial defects
Ventricular defects
Abnormalities of the great vessels and their origins
Result in shunts and vascular anomalies
Defects of the truncus arteriosus
Transposition defects of the roots of great vessels
Persistent truncus arteriosus
Semilunar valve stenosis
Patent ductus arteriosus
Vascular ring anomalies
Abnormalities of valve formation
Results in dysplasias
Artrioventricular valvular dysplasia
Miscellaneous conditions
Coarctation of the aorta
Ectopia cordis
Endocardial firbo-elastosis
Congenital anomalies of the pericardium
Heart diease
Primary
Heart functional derangement
Secondary
Systemic derangement
Specific organ derangement
Systemic hypertension in renal disease
Pulmonary hypertension