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Diuretic drugs (Diuretics (Osmotic diuretics (Drugs (Manntiol, Glycerin),…

- - - - Manntiol
      - Glycerin
    - - Systemic
        
        EC space
      - Renal
        
        Leaky segments
    - - None
    - - Decrease intracellular water space
      - Decrease water reasbsorption
  - - - Acatazolamide
      - Dorzolamide
    - - Proximal convoluted tubule
    - - Carbonic anhydrase (luminal and intracellular)
    - - H+ secretion↓
      - NaHCO3 reabsorption↓
      - alkaline urine / systemic acidosis
  - - - Furosemide
      - Ethacrynic acid
    - - Loop of henle (thick ascending limb)
    - - Na+-K+-2Cl- symporter
    - - Na+ & Cl- reabsorption↓
      - Ca2+ & Mg2+ reabsorption↓
      - K+ & H+ secretion in the distal convoluted tubule↑
      - hypokalemia / alkalosis / hypocalcemia / hypomagnesemia
  - - - Thiazide like diuretics
        
        Clopramide
        
        Indapamide
      - Thiazides
        
        Chlorothiazide
        
        Hydrochlorothiazide
    - - Distal convoluted tubule
    - - Na+-Cl- symporter
    - - Na+ & Cl- reabsorption↓
      - Ca2+ reabsorption↑
      - Mg2+ reabsorption↓
      - K+ & H+ secretion in the distal convoluted tubule↑
      - hypokalemia / alkalosis / hypercalcemia / hypomagnesemia
  - - - Amiloride
      - Triamterene
    - - Distal convoluted tubule
      - Collecting duct
    - - epithelial Na+ channel
    - - Na+ reabsorption↓
      - K+ & H+ secretion in the distal convoluted tubule↓
      - hyperkalemia / acidosis
  - - - Spironolactone
      - Eplerenone
    - - Distal convoluted tubule
      - Collecting duct
    - - Mineralcorticoid receptor
    - - Na+ reabsorption↓
      - K+ & H+ secretion in the distal convoluted tubule↓
      - hyperkalemia / acidosis
- - - - Thiazides/loop diuretics
        
        Cardiac edema
        
        CHF
        
        Renal edema
        
        Chronic renal disease/nephrosis
        
        Hepatic edema
        
        Liver cirrhosis
    - - All are cute
      - Brain edema
        
        Mannitol infusion
      - Pulmonary edema
        
        Furosemide (I.V.)
      - Glaucoma
        
        acute
        
        Mannitol or urea infusion or isosorbide (oral)
        
        Chronic
        
        Acetazolamide (oral/i.v.)/ Dorzolamide or brinzolamide
  - - - thiazides / HCTZ+amiloride / aldosterone antagonists(eplerenone)
    - - Furosemide (i.v.)
  - - - mannitol infusion : to correct hyposmolality of blood
    - - thiazide : to decrease Ca2+
    - - thiazide : to decrease Ca2+
    - - carbonic anhydrase inhibitors : to decrease CO2 concentration in brain
    - - thiazide (ADH refractoriness)
    - - carbonic anhydrase inhibitors : to increase NaHCO3 excretion
    - - aldosterone antagonists (spironolactone / eplerenone)
- - - - Excretion of NaCla
    - - Excretion of water
- - - - loop diuretics
      - mannitol infusion
    - - thiazides & thiazide-like drugs
    - - carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
      - Na+ channel inhibitors
      - aldosterone antagonists
  - - - loop diuretics
      - thiazides
      - thiazide-like drugs
    - - Na+ channel inhibitors
      - aldosterone antagonists