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MECHANISMS OF OEDEMA AND EFFUSION FORMATION (Increased hydrostatic…
MECHANISMS OF OEDEMA AND EFFUSION FORMATION
Increased hydrostatic pressure
Congestion
Localised venous compression/obstruction
Heart failure
right heart failure → congestion of the peripheral / portal venous system→ ascites / peripheral oedema
left side failure → pulmonary congestion → pulmonary oedema
generalised heart failure → generalised oedema
Hyperaemia
Increased vascular permeability
Inflammatory mediators
Decreased oncotic pressure
Hypoproteinaemia (Hypoalbunaemia)
results in generalised oedema
Can be due to protein loss
Renal: nephrotic syndrome
low A:G ratio
Intestinal: protein losing enteropathy, Haemonchus parasitism
normal A:G ratio
Can be due to decreased production
Liver disease eg. cirhossis, fasciolosis
Lymphatic obstruction
Caused by
Trauma
Compression
Obstruction
Often cause localised oedema