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Chap 31,32 &34 Critically ill patients w/ respiratory problems (part…

- - - - GERD, rectal prolapse, foul-smelling stools, steatorrhea
      - Vitamin Deficiencies
      - abdominal distention
      - Diabetes Mellitus
      - smaller, thinner than average b/c malnutrition
      - Osteoporosis
    - - Cough and sputum production
      - Use of accessory muscles
      - Limited exercise tolerance
      - Decreased pulmonary function
      - Chest congestion
      - Changes in chest x-ray result
      - Respiratory infections
      - Increased anteroposterior diameter
  - - - Vitamin Supplementation
        
        Diabetes Management
        
        Weight Maintenance
        
        Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement
    - - Positive expiratory pressure
        
        Active cycle breathing technique
        
        Chest physiotherapy
        
        Exercise
    - - Avoid mechanical ventilation
        
        Supplemental oxygen
        
        Heliox
        
        Airway clearance technique
        
        Drug therapy
        
        Prevention
- - - - Distended neck veins, syncope, cyanosis, systemic hypotension, abnormal heart sounds, abnormal ECG
    - - Dyspnea, tachypnea, tachycardia, pleuritic chest pain, dry cough, hemoptysis
  - - - Continous patient monitoring
      - Obtain adequate venous access
      - Oxygen therapy
        
        nasal cannula, mask
      - Continuous monitoring of pulse oximetry
      - Drug therapy
        
        Anticoagulants
        
        Fibrinolytics
    - - Inferior vena cava filtration
      - Embolectomy
- - - - work of breathing increases; respiratory muscles unable to function effectively
    - - Emphysema
      - Asthma Attack
      - Chronic bronchitis
- - - - Intrinsic Causes
        
        Sepsis
        
        Shock
      - Extrinsic Causes
        
        Inhalation Injury
        
        Aspiration