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Characteristics Of Schizophrenia (Negative Symptoms (Catatonic behaviour -…
Characteristics Of Schizophrenia
Introduction
Kurt Schneider (1959)
- suggested categorising symptoms of schizophrenia as either positive or negative symptoms.
Positive Symptoms
Symptoms the person is exhibiting
in addition
to 'normal' behaviours
HALLUCINATIONS
Perceptions that are unreal e.g. auditory hallucinations
Kathryn Lewandoski et al (2009)
- estimated that 20% of people with schizophrenia have tactile hallucinations, whereby they are perceiving sensations as if someone or something is touching their skin.
Formication- the name for a sensation that resembles small insects crawling on or under the skin.
DELUSIONS
Beliefs that are unreal.
Delusions of persecution- based on the idea that a person, group ororganisation want to harm the individual e.g. believing that MI5 are following you.
Delusions of grandiosity- suggests that the individual is special. They believe they are powerful or have superior knowledge.
Disordered Thinking
Thoughts and discourse jump from one topic to another, for no apparent reason and show no logical flow of discussion. Their comments prove hard to follow. Speech may be muddled and incoherent.
Thought insertion- Schizophrenia patients report that the thoughts in their head aren't their own.
Negative Symptoms
Alogia
- Poverty of speech: reduction in speech produced + speech lacks meaning
Avolition
- Indifferent/unconcered with surroundings. Lack of goal directed behaviour
Anhedonia
- No reaction to pleasureable experiences.
Flatness of affect
- Appearing to show no emotion.
Catatonic behaviour
- Ranges from fast, repeated, useless movements to little or no movement. Also unexpected gestures + loud noises.
Echophraxia- Mimicing the movements of those around them.
They could also remain immobile for prolonged periods of time in uncomfortable postures.
Symptoms that are inhibiting
people with schizophrenia from
demonstrating 'normal' behaviours