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Acute Responses to Exercise (Cardiovascular (Blood Pressure (An increase…
Acute Responses to Exercise
Respiratory
Ventilation
How much air is breathed in or out in one minute
V= TV x RR
Diffusion
The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration
Cardiovascular
Oxygen Consumption
As exercise increases, as does oxygen consumption
a-vO2 Difference
Difference in oxygen concentration in the arterioles compared with the venuoles
Cardiac Output
The amount of blood pumped out of the heart in one minute
Q= SV x HR
Venous Return
Amount of blood returning to the heart to fill the ventricles
Increased via: The muscle pump, the respiratory pump and venoconstriction
Blood Pressure
An increase in cardiac output results in an increase of blood pressure
Exercise using large muscle groups affect systolic blood pressure more than diastolic blood pressure
Systolic Blood Pressure: Pressure in the arteries following contraction of ventricles as blood is pumped out of the heart
Diastolic Blood Pressure: Pressure in the arteries when the heart relaxes and ventricles fill with blood
Redistribution of Blood Flow
Blood flow is redirected away from the spleen, kidney and other inactive muscles so that these muscles receive the greatest percentage of the cardiac output
Blood flow to the heart increases
Blood flow to the skin assists in the regulation of body temperature through heat exchange with the environment. During submaximal exercise, blood flow to the skin increases, however during maximal efforts, the skin is redirected away from the skin
Muscular
Temperature
When exercise intensity increases, there is an increase in the rate of metabolism required to produce ATP in the muscles
Heat is a by product of the process of converting chemical energy (fuel) into mechanical energy (movement).
Motor Unit Recruitment
A motor unit is a neuron and the muscle fibres which it stimulates
It is the means by which the Central Nervous System communicates with the muscles to control muscular contractions
The all or nothing principle: A motor unit will either contract maximally or not at all, depending on the strength of the stimulus
Energy Substrates
ATP is the immediete source of fuel for all muscular contractions
As a result of exercise, ATP stores decrease in the muscle, and stores of ADP, the by product of ATP increase
Lactate
As exercise starts, large amounts of oxygen are released from the muscle due to anaerobic production of ATP