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Environmental/Occupational Risk Factors for Heart Disease (Carbon…
Environmental/Occupational Risk Factors for Heart Disease
Heat
High temp = increase heat stress in the body
Elevated temp = trigger heart attack and other cardiovascular problems in people with heart diseases
Carbon disulfide
Uses
Largest user: viscous rayon industry
Dissolves rubber to produce tires
Raw material for pesticides
Effects
High levels (10,000 ppm) = acutely toxic to nervous system
Chronic exposure: accelerate atherosclerosis
2.5 to 5-fold increase in the risk of death from coronary heart disease in worker's exposed
Properties
States
Impure: yellowish liquid; rotten egg smell
Common in industrial setting
Pure: colorless liquid with sweet smell
Easily evaporates at room temp
Flammable; explosive
Symptoms
Chronic
HTN or atherosclerosis
Lab findings
Animal studies: affect heart, liver, brain and reproductive organs
Acute
fatigue, headache, dizziness, disorientation
Standard: 20ppm over 8-hour day and a 5-day work week
Air pollution
Natural vs anthropogenic (man-made)
History
Great Smog of London (1952)
Cold weather, windless, inversion of coal PM + thick smog
Increase in cardiovascular death
Severe air pollution event
Disease burden
WHO: ambient air pollution responsible for 3.7 million deaths in 2012
29% heart diseases and stroke
Clean Air Act (1970)
Purpose: Establish air pollution regulations
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)
Air quality index (AQI) for five of the regulated criteria air pollutants
Doubled risk for obesity, HTN, chronic pulmonary disease, and CVD in older people