signs and symptoms:
Ear (tumor of the lateral wall)
• ear blockage uni-, bilateral, without symptoms of infection
Cervical - mass of the neck= enlarged lymph nodes!!!
Nasal (grow to the choana)
• nasal obstruction
• purulent-bloody discharge, epistaxis
Neurological (base of the skull and cranial nerves)
• Blurred vision -CN. I
• Eyelid droop - CN. III
• Facial pain – CN. V
• Diplopia – CN. VI
• Ophthalmoplegia - CN III,IV,VI (cavernous sinus or superior orbital fissure)
• Palatal palsy, dysphagia, hoarsness, shoulder girle paresis, tounge weakness - CN’s IX, X, XI, XII (extensive skull base )
• Horner’s syndrome - cervical sympathetics
Trismus (infiltration of the pterygoid muscles)
Headache