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sensation (common features across senses (threshold to activate system,…
sensation
common features across senses
threshold to activate system
attention and decision making
sensory receptors
sensitive to change in stimulation levels
anatomic feature for gathering, focussing and filtering stimuli
perception is a complex interpretive process
hearing
sound
travels 340 m/s
can bend around objects
dimensions
amplitude
loudness
complexity
timbre
frequency
pitch
ear
middle
inner
cochlea
outer
hearing loss
conduction deafness
fusion of ossicles
prevent accurate conduction of vibrations
nerve deafness
damage to acoustic nerve or hair cells
sensing pitch
frequency theory
pitch is encoded by frequency of cell firing
place theory
pitch encoded by resonance of place on basilar membrane
fusion of tones
vision
retina
photoreceptors
cones
6 million
rods
120 million
interneurons
ganglion cells
generate action potentials
light
visible light = 400-750 nm
psychological dimensions
hue
colour
colour saturation
purity
brightness
intensity
trichromatic theory of colour vision
can produce any colour by mixing pure red, green and blue light
3 types of cones
cannot explain afterimages
opponent-process theory of colour vision
colour-sensitive visual elements are grouped in 3 pairs, and pair members oppose each other
red/green, blue/yellow, black/white
explains afterimages and complimentary colours
taste
chemical stimuli
papillae
50-150 receptors
10 000 tastebuds
smell
chemical
olfactory epithelium
receptors
10 million olfactory neurons
neural codes
intensity
frequency of neural firing
number of neurons
quality
type/location of neuron
touch and temperature
skin
cold and warm detectors