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World Religions (Islam (Muhammad-founder
Abraham-father of the Jewish…
World Religions
Islam
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Muhammad's ideas spread through his preaching. Conditions in Arabia contributed to the spread of Islam. A drought, combined with the desire of the rulers of Islam to extend their trade routes, encouraged the new converts to move out the Arabian peninsula. As they moved, they carried their faith with them and introduced it to others. Islam also expanded through military conquest.
Ideas of salvation and hope of an afterlife
1.Believing in 1 god-Allah
2.Praying 5 times a day
3.Giving alms to the poor
4.Fasting during the month of Ramadan
5.Making a pilgrimage to Mecca once in a lifetime
Jihad-struggle to survive in the way of Allah and to improve both oneself and society. While many Muslims view jihad as an inner struggle, some have interpreted it as a requirement to go to war to preserve and extend Islam.
Monotheistic faith that honored Abraham and other prophets. the importance of submission to the will of Allah (1 true god).
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Muslims were cautioned to not enslave Muslims, Christians, or Jews. Muslim scholars were under Muhammad created the shariah and were considered great too.
Quran as the sacred book providing guidance and laws for the followers. Shariah outlines behavioral requirements for daily life.
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Muhammad who conquered Mecca.later declared the building housed the sacred black stone there "the Ka' aba" a shrine in Islam.
Zoroastrianism
In present day Iran, fire temples were places of purity and they used clean water to create ritual purity.
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They had a large population thus making it a diverse community to the point where they had more slaves. They did believe in good treatment of others up until the point of where they need more slaves for labor. They were still a socially stratified society like any other however were more open to women being able to make some of their own choices.
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1 of the most important legacies of the Persians was the spread of monotheism because most Southwest Asia were polytheistic.Their monotheistic principle may have shaped the development of Judaism and Christianity.
As soon as the avestas were produced it helped spread the religion. Priests called magi passed their teachings orally from generation to generation (did not spread beyond Persia).
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They believed in a god of darkness and other lesser gods, none of which were to be worshiped. Taught the concepts of heaven and hell.
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Confucianism
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Confucius traveled across China speaking to people and gaining disciples as he went. His disciples continued to use his teachings and added to them as they went along informing others.
Focused on behavior in everyday life, not on beliefs about any deity. Family is important, respect for one's elders, and reverence for one's ancestors.Conducting the proper rituals would lead to social harmony.
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The social structure was primarily based on men having a higher place. The father was the head of the household. The older he was the more respect and authority he had.
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Christianity
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Christianity spread through the Apostle Paul, as he was preaching the teachings of Jesus. After the death of Jesus and Paul, the message was still spread among the people.
In the Bible, Jesus often encouraged people to help the fatherless and the widows. In other words, if people were of a lower class, they were encouraged to help them.
Paul, Pope Francis, Patriarch Daniel
Nazareth, Israel: the childhood home of Jesus
The Jordan River: where Jesus was baptized
Cana of the Galilee: where Jesus performed the first miracle
- Belief in God the Father, Jesus Christ as the Son of God, and the Holy Spirit
- There is life after death
- (In some denominations) Jesus came to earth to save us from our sins and wrongdoings
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Hinduism
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The Hindu people participate in different types of pilgrimage to different places such as, Himalayan Char Dham.
Karma is the belief of cause and effect. Reincarnation was also a key belief of Hinduism. However, you could be freed from the endless cycle of birth(reincarnation)
Brahmins: Priests,scholars, and teachers
Kshatriyas: Rulers, warriors, and administrators Vaishyas: Agriculturists and merchants Shudras: Laborers and service providers
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Ramanuja taught Hindus to worship Vishnu and tht the world is the lord's body. He also created some Vishnu temples. Lord Swaminarayan worked with undertaking reforms for women and poor people.
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Judaism
Judaism spread when the Babylonians spread the Jewish people around Israel during the Babylonian exile.
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Jewish people believed in the Torah. They believed that they must follow god's laws which govern everyday life.
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Buddhism
Lumbini, Nepal: Buddha's birthplace
Bodh Gaya, India: Buddha's place of enlightenment
Sarnath, India: Buddha's first teaching
Kusinara: Buddha's place of death and/or final nirvana
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Buddha was born in India and saw the injustice of the caste system. He believed no one should be treated based on the caste one was born into
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Described as neither polytheistic nor monotheistic; Buddhism is a spiritual path based on the teachings of Buddha to achieve nirvana.
Buddhism was spread through the Silk Roads.
Some Chinese monks then started to travel to India to discover Buddhism for themselves.
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Four Noble Truths:
- Unsatisfactoriness and suffering exist and are universally experienced
- Desire and attachment are the causes of unsatisfactoriness and suffering
- There is an end to unsatisfactoriness and suffering
- The end can be attained by journeying on the Noble Eightfold Path
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