Design, Prototyping and Construction
Prototyping
Construction
Design
What? ❓
Why? ⁉
one manifestation of a design that allows stakeholders to interact with it and to explore its suitability
Prototypes answer questions and support designers in choosing between alternatives.
Examples 🎉
screen sketches, paper and cardboard mockups, wireframes, and many post-its.
Types
Low-Fidelity Prototyping
High-Fidelity Prototyping
What? ❓
Why? ⁉
A low-fidelity prototype does not look very much like the final product and does not provide the same functionality.
Low-fidelity prototypes are useful because they tend to be simple, cheap, and quick to produce. This also means that they are simple, cheap, and quick to modify so they support the exploration of alternative designs and ideas
Types
Storyboarding
Sketching
Prototyping with index cards.
Wizard of Oz.
storyboard consists of a series of sketches showing how a user might progress through a task using the product under development
Each card represents a screen or one element of the interaction. In user evaluations, the user can step through the cards, pretending to perform the task while interacting with the cards
In this technique, the user interacts with the software as though interacting with the product however, a human operator simulates the software's response to the user
What? ❓
A high-fidelity prototype looks like the final product and/or provides more functionality than a low-fidelity prototype. For
Why? ⁉
High-fidelity prototyping is useful for selling ideas to people and for testing out technical issues
Compromises in Prototyping
breath of functionality
Depth
Conpcetual design
What? ❓
concerned with transforming requirements into a conceptual model
Conceptual model
an outline of what people can do with a product and what concepts are needed to understand how to interact
with it.
Elements
Interface Methaphors
What? ❓
Interface metaphors combine familiar knowledge with new knowledge in a way that will help the user understand the product
Interaction types
Instructing, coneversing, manipulating and exploring
Most conceptual models will include a combination of interaction types
Interface types
Before the product can be prototyped, some candidate alternative interfaces will need to have been chosen. These decisions will
depend on the product constraints, arising from the requirements you have established.
Types
Shareable interfaces
Tangible interfaces
Augmented and mixed reality
Expanding the initial conceptual model
What functions will the product perform?
How are the functions related to each other?
What information is needed?
Concrete design
Conceptual design and concrete design are closely related. The difference between them is rather a matter of changing emphasis: during design, conceptual issues will sometimes be highlighted and at other times, concrete detail will be stressed
More related to accessibility and national culture
Scenarios
Scenarios are informal stories about user tasks and activities
Generating prototypes
Generating storyboard from scenarios
Generating card-based prototypes from use cases
The value of a card-based prototype lies in the fact that the screens or interaction elements can be manipulated and moved around in
order to simulate interaction with a user or to explore the user's end-to-end experience.
Physical computing kits
Software development kits (SDKs)
is concerned with how to build and code prototypes and devices using electronics
Arduino 
SDK) is a package of programming tools and components that supports the development of applications for a specific platform, e.g. for iOS on iPad, iPhone, and iPod touch, for the Kinect device, and for the Windows phone. Typically an SDK includes an IDE (integrated development environment), documentation, drivers, and sample programming code to illustrate how to use the SDK components