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Lipid
Metabolism (Hydrolysis (Digestive organs (pancreas (secretes HCO₃,…
Lipid
Metabolism
Hydrolysis
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Digestive organs
pancreas
secretes HCO₃, lipase, and colipase involves in lipid hydrolysis.
small intestine
lipolytic enzymes from the pancreas are secreted here to hydrolyse triacylglycerol into monacylglycerol.
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Transport
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resynthesised triacylglycerols are packaged into chylomicrons ─ which are lipoproteins synthesised by TAGs and ApoB-48 at the Golgi.
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solubilise lipids for transport in blood to tissues and provide a delivery system for shifting lipids in and out of cells.
apoproteins have important functions:
● structural (ApoB)
● ligands for surface receptors (ApoE/B)
● enzyme cofactors (ApoCII)
chylomicrons are relatively large compared to the other types lipoproteins, while HDL is the smallest.
chylomicrons are involved in the transport of lipids across the membrane ─ they are formed in the intestinal villi and transported into the bloodstream via lymph.
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Lipids
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Familial hypercholesterolemia is a common form of hyperlipidemia, leading to premature atherosclerosis
commonly caused by mutations in the
LDL receptor gene, or sometimes in
the apoB gene (LDLR ligand).
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Absorption
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dietary fats and VLDL/LDL in the bloodstream (capillaries) are further metabolised by lipoprotein lipase.
lipoprotein lipase is an enzyme found on the endothelial surface of capiilaries activated by apoCII.
hydrolyses fat molecules in lipoproteins like chylomicrons and VLDL/LDL into glycerol and fatty acids.
highest activity in the heart, skeletal muscle, and adipose.