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Chapter 7 - Somatic & Dissociative Disorders (Dissociative Disorders…
Chapter 7 - Somatic & Dissociative Disorders
Somatoform Disorders
What is soma?
Soma means body
Involve physical symptoms
NO PHYSICAL DAMAGE IS DONE
Somatoform disorders are problems that appear medical ... psychological disorders disguised as physical problems
What is it caused by?
Psychosocial factors
DSM-5 lists 4 disorders...what are they
Factitious Disorder
Individual feigns physical symptoms for the purpose of getting sick
Most common in who and when?
Munchausen Syndrome
extreme long term form
More common in women
Begins in early childhood
Carry a grudge or like the care of the hospital
Conversion Disorder
Pattern in which symptoms affect voluntary motor functions lead one to think a patient has a medical condition
Most common in who and when?
More common in women
Begins late childhood to early adult
Appears in time of extreme stress
What Causes Conversion & Somatic Symptom Disorders :star:
Cognitive View
Disorders are a form of communication... emotions converted into physical symptoms
Multicultural View
Western clinicians hold a bias that sees somatic symptoms as an inferior way of dealing with emotions
See "weakness"
Biological View
Placebo Effect
Psychodynamic View
Primary Gain
Hysterical symptoms keep internal conflicts out of conscious awareness
handicapping himself because he as a disease
Secondary Gain
Hysterical symptoms further enable people to avoid unpleasant activities or receive sympathy from others
Missing work or avoiding jail
Somatic Symptom Disorder
Excessive concern about symptoms or illnesses (disproportionate to the problem)
What are the 2 patterns?
#
Somatization Pattern
Large and varied number of symptoms
Predominant Pain Pattern
Experience of pain is the primary problem
Behavioral View
Physical symptoms of disorders bring rewards to suffers
How does it bring reward?
Remove individual from unpleasant situation
Bring attention from other people
Illness Anxiety Disorder
Treatment
Psychotherapy used as last resort
Antidepressant medication
Exposure and Response Preventions (ERP)
Cognitive-behavioral therapies
Dissociative Disorders
Definition?
Patterns of memory loss and identity change
what is caused entirely by?
Psychosocial factors rather than physical ones
Symptoms
Memory Loss
Sense of detachment of emotions and self
Blurred sense of identity
Inability to cope well with stress
Mental health problems
Different Types
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Develops 2 or more distinct personalities, each with unique set of memories, behaviors, thoughts, and emotions
Subpersonalities
Mutually amnesic relationship - subpersonalities have no awareness of one another
Mutually cognisant patterns - each sub is well aware of the rest
One-way amnesic relationships - subs are aware of others, but the awareness is not mutual.
Women receive the diagnosis 3x (than men)
Usually onset is before age 5
How is it formed?
Psychodynamic
Repression, basic ego defense mechanism
Behaviorists
Grows from normal memory forgetting, increases likelihood of forgetting in the future
Scocio-cognitive
Highly suggestible person learns to adopt and enact the roles of multiple personalities
Dissociative Amnesia
Failure to recall previously stored personal information
Maybe be localized, selective, generalized, or continuous
Localized
Most common
Person loses all memory of events that took place within a limited period of time
Selective
2nd most common
People remember some but not all events that occurred during a period of time
"Abuse victim only remembers certain parts"
Generalized
Loss of memory extend back to times long before the upsetting period
"I don't know who I am"
Continuous
People forget ongoing experiences as well as what happened before and during the tradegy
Dissociative Fugue
Extreme version of dissociative amnesia
Very sudden and unexpected.. leaves home and goes on a journey
Vulerable Populations
Treatment
Recover on their own
Psychodynamic therapy (Searching unconscious)
Hypnotic therapy
Therapy helps merge all the personalities into 1
Illlness Anxiety Disorder
Hypochondriac
People are preoccupied with ears of getting a serious disease or the idea that they already have one
Headache = Brain tumor
Excessive anxiety about one or two symptoms