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Cellular Respiration and Fermentation (Cellular Respiration (C6H12O6 + 6O2…
Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
Cellular Respiration
Living is work to live, cells must generate fuel (ATP) through a catabolic pathway
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP + heat)
Exergonic process: ΔG = -686 kcal/mole of glucose
During Cellular Repiration: Fuel is broken down gradually
e- are moved in steps via NAD+
How do catabolic pathways yield energy
Redox Reactions: OIL RIG electron transfers- released stored potential energy to synthesize ATP
REDOX in Cellular Respiration: Glucose is being oxidized, oxygen is being reduced.
PE in Electrons → PE in ATP
PE in e- → chemical energy to do work
How is ATP Made
Substrate Level Phosphorylation
Glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle
LOOK AT DIAGRAM NEED TO KNOW THE ENERGY BOOK KEEPING REMEMBER NUMBERS
After glycolysis...
If oxygen is available (aerobic) :
Kreb cycle and electron transport chain are used
INTO THE Mitochondria: 2 Pyruvate is converted to 2 Acetyl CoA in the mitochondrion.
Carbon dioxide group is removed and coenzyme A is added generating an NADH in the process
Large quantitis of electron carriers NADH and FADH2 that carry it to the ETC to power ATP synthesis
If oxygen is NOT available (anaerobic):
Fermentation: Alternate pathways for pyruvate after glycolysis
Anaerobic cellular reparation
Enzyme transfer Pi from substrate to ADP
Electron Transfer Chain
Enzymes embbeded in the inner mitochondrial membrane
Couples electrons transport to ATP
Does not make ATP directly: ATP is synthesize via oxidative phosphorylation by ATP synthase
Mitochondria: Cristae (folds)
Oxidative phosphorylation: Electron Transfer Chain + chemiosmosis
Redox reaction
A
E
