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2.6 Software (2.6.2 Application Software (Types of Application Software …

- - - - Operating System (OS)
        •The most important program on a computer.
        •Manages the computer hardware, and all the other programs in a computer.
        •Performs various functions or basic tasks related to managing hardware or software and providing services to user.
        •Every computer, tablet, and smartphone includes an operating system that provides basic functionality for the device.
        
        Types of Operating System
        Stand-alone OS
        •Server OS
        •Mobile OS
        
        Stand-alone OS
        •A complete operating system that works on a desktop computer, notebook computer, or mobile computing device.
        •Examples of stand-alone OS:
        –Windows
        –Mac OS
        –UNIX
        –Linux
        
        Server OS
        •An operating system that resides on a server, designed specifically to support a network.
        •Examples of server OS:
        –Windows Server 2008
        –UNIX
        –Linux
        –Solaris
        –NetWare
        
        Mobile OS
        •An operating system that resides on a ROM chip for use on mobile devices such as smartphones.
        •Examples of mobile OS:
        –Android
        –iOS
        –Windows embedded CE
        –Windows Mobile
        –Symbian OS
        
        Functions of Operating System
        •Start and shut down a computer
        •Provide user interface
        •Manage programs
        •Manage memory
        •Coordinate tasks
        •Configure devices
        •Establish internet connection
        •Monitor performance
        •Provide file management and other built-in utilities
        •Update software automatically
        •Control a network
        •Administer security
        
        Start and Shut Down a Computer
        •OS involves in the process of starting and shutting down a computer.
        •The process of starting or restarting a computer is called booting.
        
        •Two types of booting:
        –Cold boot is the process of turning on computer that has been powered off completely.
        –Warm boot is the process of using the operating system to restart a computer.
        
        •An operating system includes various shut down options.
        –Sleep mode saves any open documents and programs to RAM, turns off all unneeded functions, and then places the computer in a low-power state.
        –Hibernate saves any open documents and programs to a hard disk before removing power from the computer.
        
        Provide User Interface
        •OS provides user interface that allows user to interact with a computer .
        •User interface is the part of OS that controls how users enter data and instructions and how information is displayed on the screen.
        •2 types of user interface:
        –Command-line user interface
        –Graphical user interface (GUI)
        
        •Command-line interface
        –user types commands on the keyboard to give instructions.
        –Disadvantage: Difficult to use since user have to type the exact spelling and punctuations.
        •Graphical user interface (GUI)
        –user interact with menus and icons to give commands.
        –Advantage: Easier to use as user can click the instructions provided in the form of menu or icon.
        
        Manage Programs
        •Some OS which are multitasking allows user to run multiple programs concurrently.
        •The active program will be displayed on the desktop, while other programs are at the background.
        •OS allows user to easily switch between the programs by clicking at the program button at the taskbar.
        
        Manage Memory
        •OS allocates data & instructions to memory while being processed, monitors the contents of memory, and release the contents from memory when the processor no longer requires them.
        •The purpose of memory management is to optimize the use of RAM.
        
        Coordinate Tasks
        •OS determines the order in which tasks are processed.
        •A task, or job, is an operation that the processor manages.
        •Tasks include receiving data from input device, processing instructions, sending information to output device and transferring items between storage and memory.
        
        Configure Devices
        •OS will configure any new device added to the computer so that it can work with the computer.
        •Program that tells OS how to communicate with a specific device is called a device driver.
        •With Plug and Play feature, OS can automatically configures new devices as you connect them.
        
        Establish Internet Connection
        •OS provides a means to establish Internet connection.
        •Some OS may automatically detects and configures some broadband connections.
        •Otherwise, OS provides a network set up wizard that guides user to make a connection to the Internet.
        
        Monitor Performance
        •OS typically contains a performance monitor program.
        •A performance monitor is a program that assesses and reports information about various computer resources and devices such as processor, disk, memory and network usage.
        
        Provide File Management and Built-In Utilities
        •OS allows users to manage files such as to
        – save, copy, move, delete, search,and sort files.
        •OS also provide built-in utilities such as
        –uninstalling programs,
        –cleaning up disks,
        –defragmenting disks, or
        –backing up files and disks.
        
        Update Software Automatically
        •Automatic update feature in OS automatically provides updates to the program.
        •Updates include:
        –Fixes to program bugs (error)
        –Enhancements to security
        –Modifications to device drivers
        –Access to new components such as desktop themes or games.
        
        Control a Network
        •A server OS organizes and coordinates how multiple users access and share resources on a network.
        •Resources include hardware, software, data, and information.
        •For example, a server OS allows multiple users to share a printer, Internet access, files, and programs.
        
        Administer Security
        •OS provides setting to create user account and and establish permissions to resources.
        •These permissions define who can access certain resources and when they can access those resources.
      - Utility Program
        •A utility program is a type of system software that performs tasks related to the maintenance of computer operations and resources.
        •Some utility programs are built-in (included in OS) and others are stand-alone (installed separately).
        
        Types of Utility Programs
        •File Manager
        •Disk Cleanup
        •Compression Tools
        •Anti-virus Program
        •Spyware and Adware remover
        •Disk Defragmenter
        •Backup and Restore
        
        File Manager
        •File manager is a utility program that performs functions related to file management, such as:
        –Displaying a list of files
        –Organizing files in folders
        –Copying, renaming, deleting, moving, and sorting files and folders
        –Creating shortcuts
        •Windows Explorer is a file manager built-in Windows OS.
        
        Disk Cleanup
        •Disk cleanup is a utility program that searches for and removes unnecessary files.
        •Examples of unnecessary files are downloaded program files, temporary Internet files, deleted files, or unused program files.
        •Examples:
        –Windows Disk Cleanup
        –Ccleaner
        –Clean Master
        
        Compression Tools
        •File compression is a utility program that shrinks the size of files.
        •Files are compressed to free up space on storage media, or to attach in email.
        •Compressed files sometimes are called zipped files.
        •Examples:
        –WinZip, WinRAR, Pkzip
        
        Antivirus Program
        •Antivirus program is a utility program that protects a computer against malware such as virus, worm, and trojan horse.
        •Examples:
        –Avira Antivirus
        –Kaspersky Antivirus
        –BitDefender Antivirus
        
        Spyware and Adware remover
        •Spyware/Adware remover is a utility program that detects and deletes spyware/adware.
        –Spyware is a program placed on a computer without the user’s knowledge that secretly collects information about the user.
        –Adware is a software that displays unwanted ads when a user is online, collects marketing data and other information without the user's knowledge
        •Examples:
        –Spyware Doctor, Adware Doctor
        
        Disk Defragmenter
        •Disk defragmenter is a utility program that reorganizes files and unused space on a hard disk so that OS access data more quickly and program runs faster.
        •Examples:
        –Contig
        –Defraggler
        –MyDefrag
        
        Backup and Restore
        •A backup utility allows users to copy files to another storage medium.
        •A restore utility reverses the process and returns backed up files to their original form.
        •Examples:
        –AMANDA
        –BackupPC
        –Bacula