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SOFTWARE (SYSTEM SOFTWARE (Operating System – A set of programs that…

- - - - Stand-alone OS
        • A complete operating system that works on a
        desktop computer, notebook computer, or
        mobile computing device.
        • Examples of stand-alone OS:
        – Windows
        – Mac OS
        – UNIX
        – Linux
      - Server OS
        • An operating system that resides on a server,
        designed specifically to support a network.
        • Examples of server OS:
        – Windows Server 2008
        – UNIX
        – Linux
        – Solaris
        – NetWare
      - Mobile OS
        • An operating system that resides on a ROM
        chip for use on mobile devices such as
        smartphones.
        • Examples of mobile OS:
        – Android
        – iOS
        – Windows embedded CE
        – Windows Mobile
        – Symbian OS
    - - Start and Shut Down a Computer
        • OS involves in the process of starting and
        shutting down a computer.
        • The process of starting or restarting a
        computer is called booting.
        • Two types of booting:
        – Cold boot is the process of turning on computer
        that has been powered off completely.
        – Warm boot is the process of using the operating
        system to restart a computer
      - Provide User Interface
        • OS provides user interface that allows user to
        interact with a computer .
        • User interface is the part of OS that controls
        how users enter data and instructions and
        how information is displayed on the screen.
        • 2 types of user interface:
        – Command-line user interface
        – Graphical user interface (GUI)
        • Command-line interface
        – user types commands on the keyboard to give
        instructions.
        – Disadvantage: Difficult to use since user have to
        type the exact spelling and punctuations.
        • Graphical user interface (GUI)
        – user interact with menus and icons to give
        commands.
        – Advantage: Easier to use as user can click the
        instructions provided in the form of menu or icon
      - Manage Programs
        • Some OS which are multitasking allows user to
        run multiple programs concurrently.
        • The active program will be displayed on the
        desktop, while other programs are at the
        background.
        • OS allows user to easily switch between the
        programs by clicking at the program button at
        the taskbar.
      - Manage Memory
        • OS allocates data & instructions to memory
        while being processed, monitors the contents
        of memory, and release the contents from
        memory when the processor no longer
        requires them.
        • The purpose of memory management is to
        optimize the use of RAM.
      - Coordinate Tasks
        • OS determines the order in which tasks are
        processed.
        • A task, or job, is an operation that the
        processor manages.
        • Tasks include receiving data from input device,
        processing instructions, sending information
        to output device and transferring items
        between storage and memory.
      - Configure Devices
        • OS will configure any new device added to the
        computer so that it can work with the
        computer.
        • Program that tells OS how to communicate
        with a specific device is called a device driver.
        • With Plug and Play feature, OS can
        automatically configures new devices as you
        connect them.
      - Establish Internet Connection
        • OS provides a means to establish Internet
        connection.
        • Some OS may automatically detects and
        configures some broadband connections.
        • Otherwise, OS provides a network set up
        wizard that guides user to make a connection
        to the Internet.
      - Monitor Performance
        • OS typically contains a performance monitor
        program.
        • A performance monitor is a program that
        assesses and reports information about
        various computer resources and devices such
        as processor, disk, memory and network
        usage.
      - Provide File Management and Built-In Utilities
        • OS allows users to manage files such as to
        – save, copy, move, delete, search,and sort files.
        • OS also provide built-in utilities such as
        – uninstalling programs,
        – cleaning up disks,
        – defragmenting disks, or
        – backing up files and disks.
      - Control a Network
        • A server OS organizes and coordinates how
        multiple users access and share resources on a
        network.
        • Resources include hardware, software, data,
        and information.
        • For example, a server OS allows multiple users
        to share a printer, Internet access, files, and
        programs.
      - Administer Security
        • OS provides setting to create user account and
        and establish permissions to resources.
        • These permissions define who can access
        certain resources and when they can access
        those resources.
  - - - • File manager is a utility program that performs
        functions related to file management, such as:
        – Displaying a list of files
        – Organizing files in folders
        – Copying, renaming, deleting, moving, and sorting
        files and folders
        – Creating shortcuts
        • Windows Explorer is a file manager built-in
        Windows OS.
      - Disk Cleanup
        • Disk cleanup is a utility program that searches
        for and removes unnecessary files.
        • Examples of unnecessary files are downloaded
        program files, temporary Internet files,
        deleted files, or unused program files.
        • Examples:
        – Windows Disk Cleanup
        – Ccleaner
        – Clean Master
      - Compression Tools
        • File compression is a utility program that
        shrinks the size of files.
        • Files are compressed to free up space on
        storage media, or to attach in email.
        • Compressed files sometimes are called zipped
        files.
        • Examples:
        – WinZip, WinRAR, Pkzip
      - Antivirus Program
        • Antivirus program is a utility program that
        protects a computer against malware such as
        virus, worm, and trojan horse.
        • Examples:
        – Avira Antivirus
        – Kaspersky Antivirus
        – BitDefender Antivirus
      - Spyware and Adware remover
        • Spyware/Adware remover is a utility program
        that detects and deletes spyware/adware.
        – Spyware is a program placed on a computer
        without the user’s knowledge that secretly
        collects information about the user.
        – Adware is a software that displays unwanted ads
        when a user is online, collects marketing data and
        other information without the user's knowledge
        • Examples:
        – Spyware Doctor, Adware Doctor
      - Disk Defragmenter
        • Disk defragmenter is a utility program that
        reorganizes files and unused space on a hard
        disk so that OS access data more quickly and
        program runs faster.
        • Examples:
        – Contig
        – Defraggler
        – MyDefrag
      - Backup and Restore
        • A backup utility allows users to copy files to
        another storage medium.
        • A restore utility reverses the process and
        returns backed up files to their original form.
        • Examples:
        – AMANDA
        – BackupPC
        – Bacula