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INFORMATION CODING SCHEME (ASCII (AMERICAN STANDARD CODE FOR INFORMATION…
INFORMATION CODING SCHEME
CODING SYSTEM
A bit is the smallest unit of data a computer
can process.
When 8 bits are grouped together as a unit,
they form a byte which represent a character.
The combinations of 0s and 1s that represents
characters are defined by a coding scheme.
ADVANTAGES
– enable humans to interact with a digital computer
that processes only bits.
– enables components in computers to
communicate with each other successfully.
Three important coding scheme to represent
data:
– ASCII (American Standard Code for Information
Interchange)
– EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal
Interchange Code)
– Unicode (Universal Code)
ASCII (AMERICAN STANDARD CODE FOR INFORMATION INTERCHANGE)
8-bit coding scheme designed to represent
English alphabets and some special symbols.
Uses 8 bits to represent one character.
Can represent 256 different characters. (28)
used on all types of computer and operating
systems.
ASCII was originally designed as 7-bit code,
then it was extended to 8-bit code. (called
Extended ASCII).
Sufficient for English and Western European
languages but is not large enough for Asian
and other languages that use different
alphabets.
EBCDIC (EXTENDED BINARY CODED DECIMAL INTERCHANGE CODE)
8-bit coding scheme designed to represent
English alphabets and some special symbols.
Uses 8 bits to represent one character.
Can represent 256 different characters. (28)
Used on IBM mainframe computers and high
end servers.
UNICODE (UNIVERSAL CODE)
16-bit coding scheme that has the capacity to
represent all the world’s current languages.
Uses 16 bits to represent one character.
Can represent 65536 different characters or
symbols.
Used on all types of computer and operating
systems.
Quickly replacing ASCII as the primary coding
system.
Existing ASCII coding scheme is fully
compatible with Unicode because the first 256
codes are the same.