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Antigen Recognition 1 (Antibodies (Immunoglobulins (Igs)(免疫球蛋白) (V region,…

- - - - κ,λ
    - - μ,γ,α,δ,ε
    - - N-terminal
      - antigen binding site
      - High Amino acid variety
      - HR1,2,3
        
        Highly variable region
      - hypervariable regions (HV)
        
        complmentarity-determining regions (CDR)(互補決定區)
        
        antigen binding sites
        
        HV1,2,3
        
        形成抗體本身的diversity(變異性)
      - Framework regions (FR)
        
        less variable
    - - less variety
      - biological activity
      - 可依固定區分為五大類
        
        IgM(μ)
        
        pentamer
        
        雙硫鍵
        
        J chain
        
        bind to receptor on epithelium cell
        
        Join
        
        與抗原總結合力(valency)最強
        
        primary response
        
        secetroy Ig
        
        補體結合上最有效
        
        類風濕因子
        
        Secreted fluid
        
        IgG(γ)
        
        serum中最多的Ig
        
        IgG 1,3,4
        
        穿過胎盤保護胎兒
        
        IgG 3
        
        most effective complement activator
        
        Fc receptor affinity
        
        調理能力
        
        記憶性或追加疫苗注射主要產生的抗體
        
        blood,extracellular fluid
        
        IgD(δ)
        
        B cell activaiton
        
        IgA(α)
        
        dimer
        
        J chain
        
        serum中含量第二高
        
        breast milk, saliva, tear and mucous of GI, bronchial
        
        中和作用
        
        避免pathogen黏上mucosal cell
        
        extracellular fluid
        
        Secreted fluid
        
        IgE(ε)
        
        Parasite immunity
        
        Half life: 2.5 days(最短)
        
        與肥大細胞結合後半衰期變長
        
        Low dose
        
        beneath epithelium
    - - on CH2 domain
      - increase solubility and clear rate
    - - Isotype
        
        constant region, 區分Ig class
        
        同類型
        
        看重鏈上面的固定區
      - Allotype
        
        多形性:同族群,同種抗體具有不同抗原性
        
        同類異體型
        
        帶有不同的marker
      - Idiotype
        
        同類抗體不同專一性具有不同抗原性
        
        個體型
        
        變異區不同
    - - 自然
        
        Polyclonal antibody
        
        以抗原致敏動物
      - 人為
        
        monoclonal antibody(單株抗體)
        
        B cell＋Myeloma cell = hybridoma cell(融合瘤細胞)
        
        臨床診斷、治療、生物醫學研究
        
        genetic engineering
        
        antibody humanization
        
        replacing the CDRs
  - - - antigen binding fragment
      - Variable region +CH1
    - - Constant fragment
      - biological activity
      - CH2,CH3,CH4
  - - - 調理作用
        
        opsonization
      - 活化補體
        
        activate complement
      - 活化自然殺手細胞
      - 中和作用
        
        neutralization
  - - - transfer IgGs from mother to fetus, from vessel to extracellular fluid
    - - IgA cross the membrane
    - - opsonization
      - Antibody transportation
      - Certain cell activation
- - - - 特性
        
        外來性(Foreignness)
        
        關係越遠，免疫原性越高
        
        Molecular size
        
        good~大
        
        Chemical composition
        
        蛋白質
        
        脂質
        
        hapten需要carrier
        
        Chemical complexity
        
        支鏈>直鏈
        
        有aromatic side chain免疫原性大
        
        Susceptibility to antigen processing and presentation
        
        易於被抗原呈現細胞呈現與否
        
        poor: polymer of D-amino acid, large, insoluble better than small soluble
    - - Genotype
        
        MHC
        
        抗原呈現、正選取
        
        T cell 族群複雜性
      - dosage
        
        太高產生耐受性
        
        太低產生忽略性
      - Adjuvant
        
        applied with the small amount or low immunogenicity
        
        antigen persistence延長
        
        co-stimulatory signals增加
        
        共同刺激因子B7,CD80,CD86
        
        local inflammation增加
        
        local inflammation增加
        
        血管通透性增加到達二級林巴器官
        
        lymphocyte proliferation增加
  - - - Complicated or repeat Antigens
      - EX:LPS
    - - most protein antigens
      - Need CD40/40L:共同刺激因子
        From APC
  - - - BCR
        
        intact pathogens
      - TCR
        
        MHC(major histocompatibility complex)
        
        pathogen-derived peptides
    - - 醣類
      - 蛋白質
      - 醣脂質
      - 蛋白質醣苷
    - - linear epitope親水
      - discontinuous epitope親油
  - - - Hapten
        interact with BCR
        
        Receptor mediated endocytosis:intake hapten-carrier complex
      - presented to T cells
      - Activated T cells,then help B cell
- - - - 單一部位結合
    - - 總部位結合
      - IgM有十個結合部位
  - - - glycoproteins
    - - Streptococcus pyogenes
      - Vaccinia virus