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The Teaching of Grammar (Grammar in the Syllabus (Structural Syllabus:…
The Teaching of Grammar
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Communicative Language Approach # #
A response to the traditional Presentation/Production/Practice approach which researchers found not to be effective. It is an implicit/inductive approach, denouncing the explicit teaching of grammatical rules and forms. There is a strong emphasis on using language for communication
It involves getting students to carry out communicative tasks (e.g. roleplay, debates, borrowing a book from a library) and through it, students are predicted to acquire language because they have used it authentically.
Limitations in Singapore: Students may be able to "get tasks done" without using Standard English (they can use Singlish). Also, the lack of rule-teaching, especially in Primary School, will leave both parents and students worried because the application of these rules at sentence-level is very much present in examinations.
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Advantages: Provides students with a structure to function in the world and to recognise conventions; considers language in the form of texts, not just sentence level
Disadvantages: More mixed genres these days, don't want to limit students' creativity
Text-level grammar, e.g.:
- Genre Structure
- Modality
- Nominalisation
- Cohesion
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Grammar in the Syllabus
Structural Syllabus: Focus on grammatical forms from easy structures to difficult structures. Materials organised around grammar points.
Situational Syllabus: based on the idea that language is found in different contexts. Selection based on the different situations students will encounter.
Topical Syllabus: organised by themes which author thinks are important to the lives of students (e.g. Environment, Elderly, Heritage) #
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Notional Syllabus: Organised around abstract concepts or categories called notions (e.g. distance, duration, quantity)
Skills-based Syllabus: Organised around language or academic skills like reading, writing, listening, speaking.
Task-based Syllabus: Organised around different types of tasks students might need to perform language (e.g. interviews, resume etc.)
Grammar and Vocabulary to be integrated with the 6 Language Skills (Reading, Listening, Writing, Speaking, Representing, Viewing).
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Assessment
EDITING - possible pedagogy to prepare a table of the errors: explaining why errors are wrong. This allows us to be more prepared when we go to class so that we can answer students' queries.
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Emphasis on Purpose, Audience, Context, Culture
Grammar Teachers
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Pedagogical Content Knowledge to know how to teach grammar to students in a way they can understand.