Perceptions of procedural justice
– Procedures that allow employee input viewed more
positively by employees
– Lack of employee input (an opportunity for) may lead to
reduced levels of organisational identification,
commitment, trust, job satisfaction, OCB, and increased
turnover
Perceptions of self-efficacy and self-control
– Lack of opportunities for exercising voice can lead to
decline in motivation, dissatisfaction, physical and
psychological withdrawal
Cognitive dissonance
– Inconsistency between one’s beliefs and one’s behaviours
Feelings of helplessness, apathy, and anger
– For those who