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L4 Animals in their climatic environment (Define terms (Endotherm,…
L4 Animals in their climatic environment
Exchange
Radiation
Black coats
Conduction
Bedding containing air not water
Convection
Evaporation
e.g. Sweating
Define terms
Endotherm
Ectotherm
Homeotherm
Poikilotherm
Hypothermia
Hyperthermia
Lower / upper critical temperature (LCT / UCT)
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
Closer to LCT
Metabolic rate increases greatky
Closer to UCT
Take actions to not overheat, so metabolic rate increases slightly
Factors affecting LCT
Age
Health
Breed
Species
Activity
Producing
E.g. Cow producing milk has higher LCT, (more vulnerable to heat stress)
Animal responses
Hot
Seek shade and air movement
Minimise insultation
+Surface area
Minimise heat production
Evaporative cooling (e.g. Panting, sweating, etc)
Cold
Huddling
Withdraw extremeties
Seek shelter
Increase insulation
Counter current heat exchange
Thermogenesis
Brown fat
Shivering
Neonates
Higher LCT and narrower TNZ
(more susceptible to hypothermia)
Birthing fluid
Size / shape
Poor insulation
Higher SA:Vol
Weak immune system
Less behavioral ability
Higher energy needs
Lack of SC fat
How survive
+Metabolic rate
Brown adipose tissue
Colostrum
12-24 hours