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Nonverbal Communication (Types of Nonverbal Communication (Body Movement,…
Nonverbal Communication
Nonverbal Communication Defined
nonverbal communication
is messages expressed by nonlinguistic means
nonlinguistic messages are important because what we
do
often means more than what we
say
facial expressions, postures, gestures, vocal tones, other behaviors give a lot of clues as to what the communicators think of each other, situation, etc.
research shows that those who hear content-free speech can consistently recognize the emotion being expressed as well as identify its strength
Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication
Communicative Value
some theorists argue that its impossible not to communicate
no matter what we do, were sent out messages that say something about ourselves
research shows that were not always conscious for what others communicate nonverbally
Primarily Relational
some nonverbal messages serve practical functions
it allows us to demonstrate the kind of relationships we have and allows to convey emotions were unwilling to express
Ambiguous
most nonverbal communication has the potential to become even more ambiguous than verbal statements
nonverbal cues are more ambiguous than verbal statements when it comes to expressing a willingness to become physically involved
important to be sure of the message before jumping to conclusions in nonverbal communication
Mediated Message
video calls, photos on social networking sites provide nonverbal communication
texting even has nonverbal communication
emojis convey nonverbal communications
the content of the message matters, as does when its sent
Influenced by Culture and Gender
cultures differ in verbal and nonverbal language
emblems
are some nonverbal behaviors that are culturally understood substitutes for verbal expressions
culture affects how nonverbal cues are monitored
despite the differences, nonverbal behaviors are universal
gender affects nonverbal communicate... women tend to smile more than men.. etc.
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
Creating&Maintaining
communication is the main way to create, maintain, and end relationships
facial expression, eye contact, posture, gesture, and tone of voice are all nonverbal cues that show in the first few min of meeting someone
Regulating Interaction
regulators
are cues that help control verbal interaction
eye contact is a way of regulating verbal communication
children and those with autism haven't learned things like turn talking
Influencing Others
how we look, act, sound more important in meeting our goals than the words we speak
sometimes we purposely and non purposely use nonverbal behaviors to get what we want
Concealing/Deceiving
many of the messages we send aren't always truthful
we are accurate in detecting deception only about 50% of the time
we overestimate our abilities to detect others' lies
we have a strong tendency to judge others' messages as truthful
several nonverbal communication that may reveal dishonest communication
Managing Impressions
nonverbal cues can be more important than verbal communication when creating first impressions
positive impression= consistency between nonverbal and verbal communication
manner
: how we act
appearance
: how we dress, hair, makeup, etc.
setting
: the physical items we surround ourselves with
Types of Nonverbal Communication
Body Movement
face&eyes
: most noticeable part of the body, not always easy to read, gazes and glances usually signals of lookers interest
central component of facial expression is eye behavior
research suggest relation between eye contact and touching
Posture
: posture reveals what people think about themselves and others
the key to interpreting posture is to look for small changes that might express how they feel
Gestures
: gestures sometimes intentional.. sometimes unconscious
research shows that an increased use of manipulators=discomfort
amount and type of gesturing can symbolize power and status
Touch
touch is a large part of how we respond to others
in the US touching is usually more appropriate for women than men
the touch of comfort goes along with openness to expressing intimate feelings, and active interpersonal style, and satisfactory relationships
Voice
vocal rate, pronunciation, pitch, tone, volume, and emphasis can give the same word or words many meanings
paralinguistic cues have a strong impact... listeners pay more attention to paralanguage than the content of the words
sarcasm is one approach when we use emphasis, tone of voice, and length of utterance to change a statements meaning
Distance
our personal bubbles vary in size according to the culture in which we were raised, the person we're with and the situation
there is intimate, personal, social, and public distance
Physical Attractiveness
men and women whom other view as attractive are rates as being more sensitive, kind, strong, sociable, and interesting than others
as we get to know people better, we find them better looking
clothing&physical environment
both play a big role in nonverbal communication as well