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Introduction to Prokaryotes (Shapes (Coccus (sphere) (Diplococci,…
Introduction to Prokaryotes
Domains
Bacteria
Archaea
Shapes
Bacillus(rod shape)
Bacillus
Diplobacilli
Palisades
Spirillum(spiral)
Coccus (sphere)
Diplococci
steptococci
staphylococci
tetrads
sarcinae
No fixed shape
External structures to the cell wall
Axial filaments
Endoflagella
Presesnt around the cell
Flagella
Functions
Motility and swarming
Attachment to surfaces
May be virulence factors
Arrangments
Monotrichous
Polar flagellum
Amphitricious
Lophotrichous
Peritrichous
Fimbriae and Pili
For attachment rather than motility
Hairlike appendages
Glycocalyx
Functions
Protection from phygocytosis
Attachment to various surfaces
Source of nutrients
Protect cell from dehydration
Cell Surface Layers
Slime Layer
Capsules
The Cell Wall
Functions
Maintains shape
Provides rigid platform
Contributes to pathogenicity
Counter the osmotic pressure effect
Classification
Prevent rupture of bacteria cell
Two major types
Gram-positive
Peptidoglycan
Membrane
Periplasm
Lies between plasma membrane and cell wall
Has few proteins
Teichoic acid
Wall teichoic acid
Lipoteichoic
Secreted exoenzymes
Gram-negative
Peptidoglycan
10% of cell wall
Bonded to lipoproteins
Lies between outer membrane and cytoplasmic membrane
Membrane
Periplasm
Outer Membrane
Strong negative charge
Provide barrier to certain antibiotic
Consists of lipoproteins,LPS, phospholipids and porins
LPS (lipopolysacharide)
As antigen
For distinguishing species of Gram- bacteria
Atypical Cell Walls
Mycoplasma
Chlamydiaceae
Archaea