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Measurements Chapter 3 Mr. Smith's Coggle Map (Measurement (Error…
Measurements Chapter 3 Mr. Smith's Coggle Map
Measurement
Definition
a quantity that has both a number and a unit
Scientific Notation
Short hand way of writting very large or small numbers.
Examples:
6.02 x 10^23
Positive Exponent = big number
1.98 x 10^-21
Negative Exponent = small number
Accuracy
how close it comes to the actual target/number
Precision
how close a series of measurements are to one another
Error
accepted value
Value measured many times for a constant value.
Experimental value
measured in a lab
Error = Experimental Value - Accepted Value
Percent Error = ([error] \ accepted value) x 100%
Illustration:
Accuracy v. Precision
Significant Figures
3. Left handed Zeros
zeros appearing to the left of the first nonzero number are not significant.
Examples:
0.42 = 2 sig figs
0.0071 = 2 sig figs
0.000 000 009 = 1 sig fig
4. Right handed Zeros
Zeros at the end of a number that are right of the decimal are significant
Examples:
8.40 = 3 sig figs
56.0000 = 6 sig figs
1.010 = 4 Sig Figs
2. Zero Sandwich
Zeros between nonzero numbers are significant.
Examples:
7,003 = 4 sig figs
400.79 = 5 sig figs
104 = 3 sig figs
1. Non Zeros
Every nonzero number is significant
Examples:
7,432 = 4 sig figs
24.7 = 3 sig figs
5. Weird Zeros
Zeros that appear at the end of the number BUT before the decimal would be...when no decimal is present
Examples:
40,000 = 1 sig fig
146,670 = 5 sig figs
300 = 1 sig fig
International System of Units (the SI System)
Updated version of the Metric System
Based on multiples of
10
, making conversions very easy to figure out
Uses Prefixes and Units
Common Base Units
Gram (g) - mass
Kelvin (K) - Temperature
Second (s) - Time
mole (mol) - Substance Amount
Liter (L) - Volume
Meter (m) - Length
Joule (J) - Energy
Amperes (amps) - Current
Common Prefixes
Deka (D) - 10 base units
Base UNIT = 1 base unit
Hecto (H) - 100 base units
deci (d) - 1/10th base unit
centi (c) - 1/100th base unit
milli (m) - 1/1000th base unit
Kilo (K) - 1,000 base units
Conversion Chart
K H D (unit) d c m
Temperature Scales
Kelvin
Water Freezes at 272.15 K
Water Boils at 373.15 K
Fahrenheit
Water Freezes at 32 degrees F
Water Boils at 212 degrees F
Celsius
Water Freezes at 0 degrees C
Water Boils at 100 degrees C
