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Confirmation and Disconfirmation (Cultural Identifiers (Cultural…
Confirmation and Disconfirmation
Disconfirmation
Disconfirmation is a communication pattern in which you ignore someone's presence as well as that person's communications.
I would be experiencing disconfirmation if I was to avoid responding tangentially by shifting the focus of the message to another topic.
Rejection is when you acknowledge the results but disagree, whereas with disconfirmation you simply deny the person's significance.
Confirmation
Confirmation is when you acknowledge the presence of the other person and accept the person.
Confirmation I believe allows for a better relationship among people.
I would be experiencing confirmation if I was to encourage my roommate to express his thoughts and feelings.
Racism
Racism is the negative attitudes and beliefs that individuals or whole societies hold about specific ethnic groups.
Individual racism is when people hold negative attitudes towards specific races or ethnic groups.
I would be seen exercising racist language if I was to try and disparage members of other cultures.
It is best to avoid using derogatory terms for members of a particular race and do not include a reference to race if it is not necessary.
It is a disconfirmation.
Heterosexism
Heterosexism on an individual level refers to behaviors, attitudes, and language that disparage gay men and lesbians.
Some people believe that homosexuals are unable to maintain stable relationships.
It is a disconfirmation.
Heterosexist language includes derogatory terms used for gay men and lesbian women.
People can improve on this by avoiding overattribution and not placing emphasis on the gay part, and they could also avoid making assumptions that every gay person knows what every other gay person is thinking.
Ageism
Ageism is a discrimination against people based on age.
Ageism is seen in the general disrespect many have for older people on the individual level.
In other cultures, people look up upon older people for advice about economics or relationship advice.
It is seen when talking with older people, by talking in simple terms or explaining stuff they might already understand.
It is a disconfirmation.
I could improve on this by refraining from refreshing an older person's memory each time I see them, or even by speaking at a normal tone of voice.
Sexism
Sexism is the prejudicial attitudes and beliefs about men or women based on rigid beliefs about gender roles.
It is a disconfirmation.
Sexist language is one that puts down someone because of his or her gender.
An example would be seeing women as caretakers and should listen to the man's decisions.
I can improve on this by avoiding sex role stereotyping as well as using man in a generic way.
Cultural Identifiers
Cultural identifiers are confirming language practices that are recommended for use with many groups.
Certain races prefer to be called somethings over others. An example would be African-Americans. They like to be called African American rather than black.
People of color may be seen more acceptable than nonwhite people.
Gay and lesbian refer to a lifestyle and not just to sexual orientation.
Scientists believe that sexuality is not a matter of choice, so they like to call is affectional orientation or sexual orientation.
It is not necessary to refer to someone's age in most situations. It is best to avoid calling them elderly or even a senior.
Girl and boy can be seen referring to people usually under the age of eighteen.
Woman or young woman can be seen as more respectful compared to lady due to lady being negatively evaluated.
