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Acute Asthma Exacerbation (Treatment (Early diagnosis and treatment,…
Acute Asthma Exacerbation
Clinical Presentation
Worsening wheezing, dyspnea, chest tightness or pain, and worsening cough
Hypoxemia
Tachypnea and Tachycardia
Decrease PaO2 and increase in PCO2 on ABG
Diagnosis
ABG
Pulmonary function test (PFT)
Peak Expiratory Flow
Trigger or allergen
Pulse oximetry and auscultation of lungs
Treatment
Early diagnosis and treatment, Prevention
Anti-inflammatory
Beta-agonist bronchodilators
Oral corticosteroids
Immunotherapy
Monoclonal antibodies
Immediate administration of O2
Antibiotics if bacterial
Pathophysiology
Increase in IgE response and mucus production
Air trapping
Severe narrowing of the airways
Introduction of allergen into the airway
Severe inflammation of the bronchioles caused by
Lymphocytes, mast cells, eosinophils, macrophages, neutrophils, basophils
Worsening of a decrease in air movement throughout the lung
Epidemiology
Affects people of all ages
18.7 million adults in the U.S.
6.8 million children in the U.S.
Any patient previously diagnosed with asthma or has a comorbidity that may increase their risks such as cardiovascular disease, smoking history, or obesity